12. 14 CHAPTER 1

14 CHAPTER 1

being absent, the effect cannot arise. Hence the facial and other changes, which actor may exhibit, because of the particular training, which he may have received, cannot be spoken of as effects of emotion of love. Nor can the trans- ient states of mind, the physical signs and movements of which the actor may show, be looked upon as the invariable accompaniments of the persisting emotion. It is to indicate this difference in the relation of situation, physical changes and invariable accompaniments to the emotion as presented by the actor, that they have not been called cause, effect and invariable concomitants (Kāraņa, Kārya and Sahacāri). Instead they have been given technical names, Vibhava, Anubhāva and Vyabhicāri bhāva.

VIBHĀVA. Vibhava stands for the emotive situation, which is presented on the stage and which in actual life would be responsible for the emotion, which is shown by the hero, but the relation between situation and emotion is not that of cause and effect. Reason for this has already been stated in the preceding section. The relation is that of a medium to a state of mind, as in the case of mystic medium and the experience, which is got through it. We often see a child riding a stick and enjoying a horse-ride as it were. He shows most of the physical signs and motions of a rider of horse. He tightens bridle, whips and makes it gallop. The question, that arises, is "Is horse the cause of the experience of horse.ride ?" How can it be so in its absence ? The experience, therefore, is due to med- ium, through which the child works himself up so as to experience1 horse-ride; just the same is the case with the situation, presented on the stage. It is only a medium,

1. D. R. 97.