164. 181 CHAPTER III

181 CHAPTER III

is that in that case the causality of the austerity etc. to Sama will be indirect and as such unfit to be repre- sented as the Vibhava of Santa.

(c) The absence of passions such as love and anger, cannot be spoken of as the Anubhavas of Santa, because it cannot be distinguished from Sama, which is sup- posed to be the cause and, therefore, different from Anubhava, which is its effect. Further, the absence, being of the negative nature, cannot be presented and, there- fore, cannot serve as the sign through which Sama could be known. As to the presentation of deep sleep and senselessness, they are presentable through deep respira- tion, fall and lying on the ground etc.

(d The transient emotions of Santa, such as Dhrti, which consists in the use of the available, are impossible in the context of Santa.

(e) Further, drama is supposed to have a moral purpose. It is meant to instruct the spectators such as the princes. But what instruction can the presentation of the ways and means of the realisation of the Ultimate impart to them ? For, if they attain a state, akin to what one gets through the realisation of the Ultimate, they would transcend the empirical level and so would become indifferent to sufferings of others. Therefore there is no such Rasa as Santa.

CRITICISM OF THE ABOVE.

Abhinavagupta takes up the problem of Santa Rasa at this point. He replies to the point, mentioned in the last paragraph, as follows :- The audience is to be instructed not only in regard to the empirical and semi-empirical aims of human life, such