365. ÆSTHETIC CURRENTS IN POETICS 403

ÆSTHETIC CURRENTS IN POETICS 403

difference of opinion among those who maintain the former view. According to some, all the ten poetic qualities, enumerated and defined by them, belong to both the word (Śabda) and the meaning (Artha). To this class belong Bharata, Vamana and Abhinavagupta. But according to others, some of the qualities belong to word only, such as Ślesa, others belong to the meaniog only, such as the Prasada or clearness, and still others belong to both the word and the meaning. Dandin represents this view. There are two opinions on the number also of these qualities. According to one, they are only three in number, namely, Prasada, Madhurya and Ojas. This view is first found mentioned in the available literature on poetics in Bhāmaha's Kāvyālankara. It is adopted by Ananda Vardhana in his Dhvanyāloka and vigorously defended by Mammața in his Kāvya Prakāsa against Vāmana's view of the ten qualities. According to the other, there are ten poetic qualities. The earliest known writer, who main- tains this view, is Bharata. He is followed by Vamana and Dandin etc." Abhinava's position in regard to both the number and the relation of these qualities is a little interesting. His views are expressed in the commentaries on two works ; one on dramaturgy, the Natya Sastra of Bharata, and the other on poetics, the Dhvanyaloka of Ananda Vardhana. In the former he maintains and defends the view that there are ten qualities and that they belong to both the word and the meaning. It may be interesting to note in this connection that in so doing he foilows Vamana. For, not only does he put the substance of Vamana's Sutras in the course of his interpretation of the Bharata Sutras on Gunas but also gives in all cases those very verses as illustrations which are given by Vamana. In the latter,