94. 106 CHAPTER II

106 CHAPTER II

in connection with the subject, exactly as a seed can develop only in contact with earth, air, and water etc. It is a pro- duct of Maya alone and not a joint product of both Maya and limited subject. For, the subject as such is changeless and the material cause1 can produce an effect only through a modification of itself. It is the causal agent which prompts the limited subject to definite acts. Dawn of knowledge of distinction between this limiting condition (Kala) and the subject that is delimited by it, enables the latter to transcend the level of Maya and to attain freedom from the bondage of Karma. The knowledge of distinction between Kala and the limited subject is distinct from that2 between "Buddhi" and "Purusa" as conceived by the Sankhya. The latter, according to the Saiva, does not mean freedom from the bondage of Karma and attainment of a spiritual level beyond Māya. Kala, as accepted by the Saiva, is the metaphysical recognition and explanation of the limited reach of human action. Man, howsoever great, can accomplish only certain things and not all. This fact, in Saiva terminology, is due to the limited power to act, because of the limiting condition constituted by Kala, which partly restores to the limited subject his power to act, which is at first campletely obscured by Maya. The word "Kala" in Sanskrit means a part. It is, for instance, used for the sixteenth part of the total luminosity of the moon. It is used by the Saiva to signify a part of the total universal power of action operative in humanity. 2. Vidya (LIMITED POWER OF KNOWLEDGE) But action has objective reference. It presupposes a knowledge of the object, towards which it is directed. The 1. T. A. Ah. IX. 138, 2. T, A. Ah., IX. 140-1.