Books / Dharmasūtra Parallels

9. Householder

i. General Rules of Behavior

Āpastamba

पाणिसंमूढं ब्राह्मणस्य नाप्रोक्षितमभितिष्ठेत् ।5 अग्निं ब्राह्मणं चान्तरेण नातिक्रामेत् ।6 ब्राह्मणांश्च ।7 अनुज्ञाप्य वातिक्रामेत् ।8 अग्निमपश्च न युगपद्धारयीत ।9 नानाग्नीनां च संनिवापं वर्जयेत् ।10 प्रतिमुखमग्निमाह्रियमाणं नाप्रतिष्ठितं भूमौ प्रदक्षिणीकुर्यात् ।11 पृष्ठतश्चात्मनः पाणी न संश्लेषयेत् ।12 स्वपन्नभिनिम्रुक्तोऽनाश्वान्वाग्यतो रात्रिमासीत । श्वोभूत उदकमुपस्पृश्य वाचं विसृजेत् ।13 स्वपन्नभ्युदितोऽनाश्वान्वाग्यतोऽहस्तिष्ठेत् ।14 आ तमितोः प्राणमायच्छेदित्येके ।15 स्वप्नं वा पापकं दृष्ट्वा ।16 अर्थं वा सिषाधयिषन् ।17 नियमातिक्रमे चान्यस्मिन् ।18 दोषफलसंशये न तत्कर्तव्यम् ।19 एवमध्यायानध्याये ।20 न संशये प्रत्यक्षवद् ब्रूयात् ।21

5 When a Brahmin has touched some place with his hand, no one should step on that spot without first sprinkling it with water. 6 Let him not pass between a fire and a Brahmin, 7 or between Brahmins; 8 he may optionally do so, but only after obtaining their permission. 9 He should not carry fire and water at the same time 10 and should refrain from mixing together different sorts of fires. 11 When a fire is being carried towards a person, he should not circumambulate it before it has been placed on the ground. 12 Let him not clasp his hand behind his back. 13 If the sun sets while a person is asleep, he should remain seated that night, without eating and observing silence. The next morning he should bathe and then break his silence. 14 If the sun rises while a person is asleep, he should remain standing that day, without eating and observing silence. 15 According to some, he should control his breath until he becomes exhausted; 16 he should do so also when he has seen a bad dream, 17 desires to accomplish some objective, 18 or has transgressed some other rule. 19 When he has a doubt whether the result of an action is evil or not, he should not do it; 20 the same is true when he has a doubt as to whether it is permitted or not to engage in vedic recitation. 21 Let him not speak about doubtful matters as if they were clear. [A 2.12.5–21]

आत्ततेजसां भोजनं वर्जयेत् ।10 भस्मतुषाधिष्ठानम् ।11 पदा पादस्य प्रक्षालनमधिष्ठानं च वर्जयेत् ।12 प्रेङ्खोलनं च पादयोः ।13 जानुनि चात्याधानं जङ्घायाः ।14 नखैश्च नखवादनम् ।15 स्फोटनानि चाकारणात् ।16 यच्चान्यत्परिचक्षते ।17 योक्ता च धर्मयुक्तेषु द्रव्यपरिग्रहेषु च ।18 प्रतिपादयिता च तीर्थे ।19 यन्ता चातीर्थे यतो न भयं स्यात् ।20 संग्रहीता च मनुष्यान् ।21 भोक्ता च धर्माविप्रतिषिद्धान्भोगान् ।22 एवमुभौ लोकावभिजयति ।23

10 He should refrain from eating foods whose essence has been extracted; 11 standing on ashes or grain husks; 12 washing the feet by rubbing one foot with the other; placing one foot on the other; 13 swinging the feet; 14 placing one foot over the other knee; 15 making noises by striking the nails against each other; 16 cracking the finger joints without a good reason; 17 and other acts that are forbidden. 18 He should be a man who applies himself to acquiring wealth in righteous ways, 19 distributes it to worthy people, 20 gives not to unworthy people if they pose no threat to him, 21 conciliates people, 22 and enjoys pleasures that are not forbidden by the Law. 23 In this manner he wins both worlds. [A 2.20.10–23]

नित्यमुदधानान्यद्भिररिक्तानि स्युर्गृहमेधिनोर्व्रतम् ।15

15 Their water vessels should never be empty—this is an observance incumbent on a couple living the household life. [A 2.1.15]

भिक्षणे निमित्तमाचार्यो विवाहो यज्ञो मातापित्रोर्बुभूर्षार्हतश्च नियमविलोपः ।1 तत्र गुणान्समीक्ष्य यथाशक्ति देयम् ।2 इन्द्रियप्रीत्यर्थस्य तु भिक्षणमनिमित्तम् । न तदाद्रियेत ।3

1 The appropriate reasons for begging are the following: to pay the teacher, to celebrate a marriage, to perform a sacrifice, trying to support one's parents, and when a worthy person would have to suspend an obligatory act. 2 In such a case, the householder should investigate the supplicant's qualities and give according to his ability. 3 The gratification of the senses, however, is not an appropriate reason for begging, and he should pay no heed to such requests. [A 2.10.1–3]

Baudhāyana

नैकवस्त्रो नार्द्रवासा दैवानि कर्माण्यनुसंचरेत् ।5 पितृसंयुक्तानि चेत्येकेषाम् ।6

5 He should never participate in divine rites wearing a single garment or wet clothes, 6 and, according to some, even in ancestral rites. [B 2.10.5–6]

अथाप्युदाहरन्ति । न दिवास्वप्नशीलेन न च सर्वान्नभोजिना । कामं शक्यं नभो गन्तुमारूढपतितेन वा ॥24 दैन्यं शाठ्यं जैह्म्यं च वर्जयेत् ।25 अथाप्यत्रोशनसश्च वृषपर्वणश्च दुहित्रोः संवादे गाथामुदाहरन्ति । स्तुवतो दुहिता त्वं वै याचतः प्रतिगृह्णतः । अथाहं स्तूयमानस्य ददतोऽप्रतिगृह्णत इति ॥26

24 Now, they also quote: “Surely, a man who is accustomed to sleeping during the day, eats food given by anybody, or has lapsed from the vow he has undertaken cannot attain heaven.” 25 He should refrain from miserliness, guile, and crookedness. 26 Now, they also quote this verse recorded in the dialogue between the daughters Uśanas and Vṛṣaparvan: “You, undoubtedly, are the daughter of a man who flatters, who supplicates, and who accepts gifts, while I am the daughter of a man who is being flattered, who gives, and who accepts no gifts.” [B 2.4.24–26]

Vasiṣṭha

आचारः परमो धर्मः सर्वेषामिति निश्चयः । हीनाचारपरीतात्मा प्रेत्य चेह च नश्यति ॥1 नैनं तपांसि न ब्रह्म नाग्निहोत्रं न दक्षिणाः । हीनाचारमितो भ्रष्टं तारयन्ति कथंचन ॥2 आचारहीनं न पुनन्ति वेदा यद्यप्यधीताः सह षड्भिरङ्गैः । छन्दांस्येनं मृत्युकाले त्यजन्ति नीडं शकुन्ता इव जातपक्षाः ॥3 आचारहीनस्य तु ब्राह्मणस्य वेदाः षडङ्गास्त्वखिलाः सयज्ञाः । कां प्रीतिमुत्पादयितुं समर्था अन्धस्य दारा इव दर्शनीयाः ॥4 नैनं छन्दांसि वृजिनात्तारयन्ति मायाविनं मायया वर्तमानम् । द्वेऽप्यक्षरे सम्यगधीयमाने पुनाति तद्ब्रह्म यथा इषेऽब्दाः ॥5 दुराचारो हि पुरुषो लोके भवति निन्दितः । दुःखभागी च सततं व्याधितोऽल्पायुरेव च ॥6 आचारात् फलते धर्म आचारात् फलते धनम् । आचाराच्छ्रियमाप्नोत्याचारो हन्त्यलक्षणम् ॥7 सर्वलक्षणहीनोऽपि यः सदाचारवान्नरः । श्रद्दधानोऽनसूयश्च शतं वर्षाणि जीवति ॥8 आहारनिर्हारविहारयोगाः सुसंवृता धर्मविदा तु कार्याः । वाग्बुद्धिवीर्याणि तपस्तथैव धनायुषी गुप्ततमे तु कार्ये ॥9

1 Good conduct is the highest Law for all—that is certain. A man seeped in vile conduct comes to ruin in this world and the next. 2 Whether it is austerities, vedic learning, daily fire sacrifices, or gifts to priests—nothing will rescue a man of vile conduct who has gone astray. 3 The Vedas do not purify a man bereft of good conduct, even if he has studied them together with the six supplements. The vedic lore forsakes him at the time of death, like birdlings a nest when they have grown their wings. 4 Like a pretty wife to her husband who is blind, what happiness can all the Vedas together with the supplements and sacrifices bring to a Brahmin who is bereft of good conduct? 5 The vedic lore cannot rescue from his wickedness a deceitful man living by deceit. When even a couple of syllables are learnt properly, that Veda purifies the man, like clouds in the autumnal month. 6 For a man of evil conduct is the object of contempt in the world. Woes follow him all the time; afflicted with sicknesses, his life is cut short. 7 Through good conduct flourishes righteousness; through good conduct flourishes wealth; through good conduct he obtains success; and good conduct erases inauspicious marks. 8 Even if he lacks auspicious marks, a man of good conduct, full of generosity and free from envy, will live a hundred years. 9 Eating, voiding urine and excrement, and sexual activity—a man who knows the Law should undertake these activities in great secrecy. Speech, thought, and prowess, as well as ascetic toil, wealth, and age should likewise be kept well concealed. [Va 6.1–9]

नाङ्गनखवादनं कुर्यात् ।33 नखैश्च भाजनादौ ।34 न चापोऽञ्जलिना पिबेत् ।35 न पादेन पाणिना वा जलमभिहन्यात् ।36 न जलेन जलम् ।37 नेष्टकाभिः फलानि शातयेत् ।38 न फलेन फलम् ।39 न कल्को न कुहको भवेत् ।40 न म्लेच्छभाषां शिक्षेत ।41 अथाप्युदाहरन्ति । न पाणिपादचपलो न नेत्रचपलो भवेत् । न च वागङ्गचपल इति शिष्टस्य गोचरः ॥42

33 He shall not make a noise by cracking his joints or striking his nails; 34 tap an eating bowl with his nails; 35 drink water from his cupped hands; 36 splash the water with his foot or hand; 37 splash water on to water; 38 or pluck fruits by throwing brickbats 39 or by throwing one fruit at another. 40 He should not become a cheat or a hypocrite, 41 or learn the language of barbarians. 42 Now, they also quote: “He should not be fickle in anything he does, whether it is with his hands, feet, eyes, speech, or body—that is the view of cultured people.” [Va 6.33–42]

युक्तः स्वाध्याये यज्ञे प्रजनने च ।11 गृहेष्वभ्यागतं प्रत्युत्थानासनवाक्सूनृतानसूयाभिर्महयेत् ।12 यथाशक्ति चान्नेन सर्वभूतानि ।13 गृहस्थ एव यजते गृहस्थस्तप्यते तपः । चतुर्णामाश्रमाणां तु गृहस्थस्तु विशिष्यते ॥14 यथा नदीनदाः सर्वे समुद्रे यान्ति संस्थितिम् । एवमाश्रमिणः सर्वे गृहस्थे यान्ति संस्थितिम् ॥15 यथा मातरमाश्रित्य सर्वे जीवन्ति जन्तवः । एवं गृहस्थमाश्रित्य सर्वे जीवन्ति भिक्षुकाः ॥16 नित्योदकी नित्ययज्ञोपवीती नित्यस्वाध्यायी पतितान्नवर्जी । ऋतौ च गच्छन्विधिवच्च जुह्वन्न ब्राह्मणश्च्यवते ब्रह्मलोकादिति ॥17

11 He should be intent on reciting his Veda, offering sacrifices, and begetting offspring. 12 He should honor anyone who comes to his house by rising up to meet him, offering him a seat, and giving kind greetings and unstinting praise; 13 and all creatures by giving them food according to his ability. 14 A householder alone offers sacrifices; a householder performs austerities. Of all the four orders, the householder is the best. 15 As all rivers and rivulets ultimately end up in the ocean, so people of all the orders ultimately end up in the householder. 16 As all living beings live dependent on their mothers, so all mendicants live dependent on the householder. 17 When a Brahmin always carries water with him, always wears the sacrificial cord, always recites his Veda, avoids the food of outcastes, has sexual intercourse with his wife during her season, and offers sacrifices according to the rules, he does not fall from the world of Brahman. [Va 8.11–17]

पुष्पफलोपगान्पादपान्न हिंस्यात् ।11 कर्षणकरणार्थं चोपहन्यात् गार्हस्थ्याङ्गे च ।12

11 A man should not damage trees that produce flowers and fruits. 12 One may cut them down to make implements for cultivation or for household needs. [Va 19.11–12]

ii. Toilet Practices

Āpastamba

दिवा च शिरसः प्रावरणं वर्जयेन्मूत्रपुरीषयोः कर्म परिहाप्य ।14 शिरस्तु प्रावृत्य मूत्रपुरीषे कुर्याद्भूम्यां किंचिदन्तर्धाय ।15 छायायां मूत्रपुरीषयोः कर्म वर्जयेत् ।16 स्वां तु छायामवमेहेत् ।17 न सोपानन्मूत्रपुरीषे कुर्यात्कृष्टे पथ्यप्सु च ।18 तथा ष्ठेवनमैथुनयोः कर्माप्सु वर्जयेत् ।19 अग्निमादित्यमपो ब्राह्मणं गा देवताश्चाभिमुखो मूत्रपुरीषयोः कर्म वर्जयेत् ।20 अश्मानं लोष्टमार्द्रानोषधिवनस्पतीनूर्ध्वानाच्छिद्य मूत्रपुरीषयोः शुन्धने वर्जयेत् ।21

14 During the day he should refrain from covering his head, except when he voids urine or excrement. 15 He should void urine and excrement, however, after covering his head and spreading something on the ground. 16 He should avoid voiding urine or excrement in the shade; 17 but he may discharge urine in his own shadow. 18 He should not void urine or excrement wearing footgear, or on plowed land, on a road, or in water. 19 Likewise, he should refrain from spitting and having sexual intercourse in water 20 and from voiding urine or excrement in front of a fire, the sun, water, a Brahmin, a cow, or a divine image. 21 In cleaning himself after voiding urine or excrement, he should avoid using stones, clods, or green branches that he has broken off from plants or trees. [A 1.30.14–21]

प्राङ्मुखोऽन्नानि भुञ्जीत उच्चरेद्दक्षिणामुखः । उदङ्मुखो मूत्रं कुर्यात्प्रत्यक्पादावनेजनमिति ॥1

आराच्चावसथान्मूत्रपुरीषे कुर्याद्दक्षिणां दिशं दक्षिणापरां वा ।2

अस्तमिते च बहिर्ग्रामादारादावसथाद्वा मूत्रपुरीषयोः कर्म वर्जयेत् ।3

1 He should eat his food facing the east, void excrement facing the south, discharge urine facing the north, and wash his feet facing the west. 2 He should, moreover, void urine and excrement moving far away from his house in the direction of the south or the south-west; 3 but after sunset he should refrain from voiding urine or excrement outside the village or far from his house. [A 1.31.1–3]

Gautama

न पर्णलोष्टाश्मभिर्मूत्रपुरीषापकर्षणं कुर्यात् ।14 मूत्रोच्चारे च ।37 न भूमावनन्तर्धाय ।38 नाराच्चावसथात् ।39 न भस्मकरीषकृष्टच्छायापथिकाम्येषु ।40 उभे मूत्रपुरीषे दिवा कुर्यादुदङ्मुखः ।41 संध्ययोश्च ।42 रात्रौ तु दक्षिणामुखः ।43

14 He should not use leaves, clods, or stones to clean himself of urine or excrement. 37 He should cover his head also when he is voiding urine or excrement, 38 which he should never do without spreading something on the ground, 39 or close to his house, 40 or upon ashes or cow-dung, on a plowed field, in a shadow, on a road, or in a beautiful spot. 41 He should void both urine and excrement facing the north during the day 42 and at dawn and dusk, 43 but facing the south at night. [G 9.14, 37–43]

Baudhāyana

शुष्कं तृणमयाज्ञिकं काष्ठं लोष्टं वा तिरस्कृत्याहोरात्रयोरुदग्दक्षिणामुखः प्रावृत्य शिर उच्चरेदवमेहेच्च ।10

10 After spreading some dry grass, pieces of wood unfit for ritual use, or some clods of earth on the ground and covering his head, he should void urine and excrement facing the north during the day and the south during the night. [B 1.10.10]

मूत्रपुरीषे कुर्वन्दक्षिणे हस्ते गृह्णाति सव्य आचमनीयम् ।

एतत्सिध्यति साधूनाम् ।3

3 While he is voiding urine or excrement, he should hold the water pot in his right hand; and while he is sipping water, he should hold it in his left hand. That is the settled practice among good people. [B 1.7.3]

Vasiṣṭha

उभे मूत्रपुरीषे तु दिवा कुर्यादुदङ्मुखः । रात्रौ तु दक्षिणां कुर्यादेवं ह्यायुर्न रिष्यति ॥10 प्रत्यग्निं प्रति सूर्यं च प्रति गां प्रति च द्विजम् । प्रति सोमोदकं संध्यां प्रज्ञा नश्यति मेहतः ॥11 न नद्यां मेहनं कुर्यान्न पथि न च भस्मनि । न गोमये न वा कृष्टे नोप्ते क्षेत्रे न शाद्वले । नोपजीव्यच्छायासु ॥12 छायायामन्धकारे वा रात्रावहनि वा द्विजः । यथासुखमुखः कुर्यात्प्राणबाधाभयेषु च ॥13

10 He should void both urine and excrement facing the north during the day and the south during the night. In this way his allotted span of life will not be diminished. 11 If a man urinates in the direction of a fire, the sun, a cow, a Brahmin, the moon, water, or the twilight, it will destroy his intelligence. 12 He should not pass urine in a river, on a road, on ash, on cowdung, on plowed land, on a field that has been sown with seed, or on a grassy patch; nor in a shady spot offering shelter. 13 When he is standing in the shade, when it is dark, or when he fears for his life, a Brahmin may do it day or night facing any direction he wants. [Va 6.10–13]

नाप्सु मूत्रपुरीषे कुर्यात् ।11 न निष्ठीवेत् ।12 परिवेष्टितशिरा भूमिमयज्ञियैस्तृणैरन्तर्धाय मूत्रपुरीषे कुर्यादुदङ्मुखश्चाहनि नक्तं दक्षिणामुखः संध्यामासीतोत्तरम् ।13

11 He should not urinate or defecate in water, 12 or spit into it. 13 He should void urine and excrement with his head covered and after spreading some grass unfit for ritual purposes on the ground, facing the north during the day and the south during the night, and sitting down facing the north during the twilights. [Va 12.11–13]

iii. Bathing

Gautama

स्नातको नित्यं शुचिः सुगन्धिः स्नानशीलः ।2

2 A bath-graduate shall always keep himself clean and smelling good and cultivate the habit of bathing. [G 9.2]

Baudhāyana

अथ हस्तौ प्रक्षाल्य कमण्डलुं मृत्पिण्डं च संगृह्य तीर्थं गत्वा त्रिः पादौ प्रक्षालयते त्रिरात्मानम् ।1 अथ हैके ब्रुवते । श्मशानमापो देवगृहं गोष्ठं यत्र च ब्राह्मणा अप्रक्षाल्य पादौ तन्न प्रवेष्टव्यमिति ।2 अथापोऽभिप्रपद्यते । हिरण्यशृङ्गं वरुणं प्रपद्ये तीर्थं मे देहि याचितः । यन्मया भुक्तमसाधूनां पापेभ्यश्च प्रतिग्रहः ॥ यन्मे मनसा वाचा कर्मणा वा दुष्कृतं कृतम् । तन्न इन्द्रो वरुणो बृहस्पतिः सविता च पुनन्तु पुनःपुनरिति ।3

अथाञ्जलिनाप उपहन्ति । सुमित्रा न आप ओषधयः सन्त्विति ।4 तां दिशं निरुक्षति यस्यामस्य दिशि द्वेष्यो भवति । दुर्मित्रास्तस्मै भूयासुर्योऽस्मान्द्वेष्टि यं च वयं द्विष्म इति ।5 अथाप उपस्पृश्य त्रिः प्रदक्षिणमुदकमावर्तयति । यदपां क्रूरं यदमेध्यं यदशान्तं तदप गच्छतादिति ।6 अप्सु निमज्ज्योन्मज्ज्य ।7 नाप्सु सतः प्रमथनं विद्यते न वासःपल्मूलनं नोपस्पर्शनम् ।8 यद्युपरुद्धाः स्युरेतेनोपतिष्ठते । नमोऽग्नयेऽप्सुमते नम इन्द्राय नमो वरुणाय नमो वारुण्यै नमोऽद्भ्य इति ।9

उत्तीर्याचम्याचान्तः पुनराचामेत् । आपः पुनन्तु पृथिवीं पृथिवी पूता पुनातु माम् । पुनन्तु ब्रह्मणस्पतिर्ब्रह्म पूता पुनातु माम् । यदुच्छिष्टमभोज्यं यद्वा दुश्चरितं मम । सर्वं पुनन्तु मामापोऽसतां च प्रतिग्रहं स्वाहेति ॥10

पवित्रे कृत्वाद्भिर्मार्जयति । आपो हि ष्ठा मयोभुव इति तिसृभिः । हिरण्यवर्णाः शुचयः पावका इति चतसृभिः । पवमानः सुवर्जन इति । एतेनानुवाकेन मार्जयित्वान्तर्जलगतोऽघमर्षणेन त्रीन्प्राणायामान्धारयित्वोत्तीर्य वासः पीडयित्वा प्रक्षालितोपवातान्यक्लिष्टानि वासांसि परिधायाप आचम्य दर्भेष्वासीनो दर्भान्धारयमाणः प्राङ्मुखः सावित्रीं सहस्रकृत्व आवर्तयेच्छतकृत्वोऽपरिमितकृत्वो वा दशावरम् ।11 अथादित्यमुपतिष्ठते । उद्वयं तमसस्परि । उदु त्यम् । चित्रम् । तच्चक्षुर्देवहितम् । य उदगादिति ।12

1 Then, he should wash his hands, take the water pot and a lump of earth, go to a bathing place, and wash his feet and his body three times. 2 Now, some indeed declare: “A cemetery, water, a temple, a cow-pen, and a place where there are Brahmins—one should not enter them without washing the feet.” 3 He enters the water then, while reciting: “To the golden-horned Varuṇa I go for refuge. I beg of you; grant me a place to bathe. Whatever sin I may have committed—eating the food of bad men, accepting gifts from evil men, sins committed in thought, word, or deed—may Indra, Varuṇa, Bṛhaspati, and Savitṛ purify me from all that over and over again.” 4 Then he takes water in his cupped hands, saying: “May the waters and plants be amiable towards us”; 5 and pours that water in the direction in which lives an enemy of his, saying: “May the waters be inimical to the man who hates us and whom we hate.” 6 He then washes himself and whirls the water around three times with his hand in a clockwise motion, saying: “Whatever hazard, whatever filth, whatever sinister there is in the water—may all that be banished.” 7 After he has submerged himself in the water and emerged, 8 let him not, while he is still in the water, perform personal purification, wash his clothes by beating them on a rock, or sip water. 9 If he uses water drawn from a confined source, he should pay homage to it, saying: “Homage to Fire, lord of the waters! Homage to Indra! Homage to Varuṇa! Homage to Varuṇī! Homage to the waters!” 10 After he has climbed back on to the bank and sipped water, he should sip again, saying: “May the waters cleanse the earth! May the earth, so cleansed, cleanse me! May Brahmaṇaspati and Brahman cleanse the earth! May the earth, so cleansed, cleanse me! If I have eaten leftovers or unfit food, if I have committed an improper act, if I have accepted gifts from evil men—may the waters cleanse me of all that, Svāhā!” 11 He then prepares two purificatory blades of grass and rubs his body with water. After he has rubbed his body with water while reciting the three verses: “Waters, you are refreshing …”; the four verses: “Golden colored, pure, and purifying …”; and the passage, “The purifier, the heavenly one …”; he goes into the water and controls his breath three times while reciting the Aghamarṣaṇa hymn. Then he climbs back on to the bank, squeezes the water from his clothes, puts on fresh clothes that are not worn-out and that have been washed and dried in the air, and sips some water. Seated facing the north on a bed of Darbha grass and holding blades of Darbha grass in his hand, he should recite the Sāvitrī verse one thousand times, one hundred times, or an unlimited number of times—ten times at the minimum. 12 Next, he worships the sun, reciting these formulas: “Gazing, beyond the darkness, upon the highest light …”; “The rays carry you up …”; “The resplendent face of the gods …”; “That bright eye rising in the east …”; and “He who has arisen ….” [B 2.8.1–12]

तपस्यमपोऽवगाहनम् ।1 देवतास्तर्पयित्वा पितृतर्पणम् ।2 अनुतीर्थमप उत्सिञ्चति । ऊर्जं वहन्तीरिति ।3 अथाप्युदाहरन्ति । स्रवन्तीष्वनिरुद्धासु त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः । प्रातरुत्थाय कुर्वीरन्देवर्षिपितृतर्पणम् ॥4 निरुद्धासु न कुर्वीरन्नंशभाक्तत्र सेतुकृत् ।5 तस्मात्परकृतान्सेतून्कूपांश्च परिवर्जयेत् ।6

अथाप्युदाहरन्ति । उद्धृत्य वापि

त्रीन्पिण्डान्कुर्यादापत्सु न तु सदा । निरुद्धासु तु मृत्पिण्डान्कूपात्त्रीनुदघटांस्तथेति ॥7

1 Bathing by immersing oneself in water promotes austerity. 2 After he has offered water to quench the gods, let him offer water to quench his ancestors, 3 pouring water from the appropriate part of the hand, saying, “Bearing vigor ….” 4 Now, they also quote: “Men belonging to the three twice-born classes should get up in the morning and offer water to quench the gods, seers, and ancestors, water that is unconfined and flows freely. 5 Let them not use water that is confined, for then the builder of the dam will obtain a share of that offering. 6 Therefore, let him avoid dams and wells built by others.” 7 Now, they also quote: “Or else, after taking out three lumps of mud, he may use confined water in a time of adversity but not regularly; from a well he should take out three lumps of mud, as well as three potfuls of water.” [B 2.5.1–7]

iv. Quenching Libation (tarpana)

Baudhāyana

पूतः पञ्चभिर् ब्रह्मयज्ञैर् अथ उत्तरं देवतास् तर्पयति ।14 ओं अग्निः प्रजापतिः सोमो रुद्रो अदितिर् बृहस्पतिःसर्पा इत्य् एतानि प्राग्द्वाराणि दैवतानि सनक्षत्राणि सग्रहाणिसअहोरात्राणि समुहूर्तानि तर्पयामि ओं वसूंश् च तर्पयामि ।1 ओं पितरो अर्यमा भगः सविता त्वष्टा वायुरिन्द्राग्नी इत्य् एतानि दक्षिणद्वाराणि दैवतानि सनक्षत्राणिसग्रहाणि सअहोरात्राणि समुहूर्तानि तर्पयामि ओं रुद्रांश् चतर्पयामि ।2 ओं मित्र इन्द्रो महापितर आपो विश्वे देवा ब्रह्माविष्णुर् इत्य् एतानि प्रत्यग्द्वाराणि दैवतानि सनक्षत्राणि सग्रहाणिसअहोरात्राणि समुहूर्तानि तर्पयामि ओं आदित्यांश् च तर्पयामि ।3 ओं वसवो वरुणो अज एकपाद् अहिर्बुध्न्यःपूषा अश्विनौ यम इत्य् एतान्य् उदग्द्वाराणि दैवतानि सनक्षत्राणिसग्रहाणि सअहोरात्राणि समुहूर्तानि तर्पयामि ओं विश्वान्देवांस् तर्पयामि ओं साध्यांश् च तर्पयामि ।4 ओं ब्रह्माणं तर्पयामि ओं प्रजापतिं तर्पयामि ओं चतुर्मुखं तर्पयामि ओं परमेष्ठिनं तर्पयामि ओं हिरण्यगर्भंतर्पयामि ओं स्वयंभुवं तर्पयामि ओं ब्रह्मपार्षदांस् तर्पयामि ओं ब्रह्मपार्षदीश् चतर्पयामि ओं अग्निं तर्पयामि ओं वायुंतर्पयामि ओं वरुणं तर्पयामि ओं सूर्यंतर्पयामि ओं चन्द्रमसं तर्पयामि ओं नक्षत्राणि तर्पयामि ओं सद्योजातं तर्पयामि ओं भूः पुरुषं तर्पयामि ओं भुवः पुरुषंतर्पयामि ओं सुवः पुरुषं तर्पयामि ओं भूर् भुवः सुवः पुरुषंतर्पयामि ओं भूस् तर्पयामि ओं भुवस् तर्पयामि ओं सुवस्तर्पयामि ओं महस् तर्पयामि ओं जनस् तर्पयामि ओं तपस्तर्पयामि ओं सत्यं तर्पयामि ।5 ओं भवं देवं तर्पयामि ओं शर्वं देवम् तर्पयामि ओमीशानं देवं तर्पयामि ओं पशुपतिं देवं तर्पयामि ओं रुद्रंदेवं तर्पयामि ओं उग्रं देवं तर्पयामि ओं भीमं देवंतर्पयामि ओं महान्तं देवं तर्पयामि ओं भवस्य देवस्य पत्नीं तर्पयामि ओं शर्वस्य देवस्यपत्नीं तर्पयामि ओं ईशानस्य देवस्य पत्नीं तर्पयामि ओंपशुपतेर् देवस्य पत्नीं तर्पयामि ओं रुद्रस्य देवस्य पत्नींतर्पयामि ओं उग्रस्य देवस्य पत्नीं तर्पयामि ओं भीमस्य देवस्यपत्नीं तर्पयामि ओं महतो देवस्य पत्नीं तर्पयामि ओं भवस्य देवस्य सुतं तर्पयामि ओं शर्वस्य देवस्यसुतं तर्पयामि ओं ईशानस्य देवस्य सुतं तर्पयामि ओं पशुपतेर्देवस्य सुतं तर्पयामि ओं रुद्रस्य देवस्य सुतं तर्पयामि ओमुग्रस्य देवस्य सुतं तर्पयामि ओं भीमस्य देवस्य सुतं तर्पयामि ओं महतो देवस्य सुतं तर्पयामि ओं रुद्रांस् तर्पयामि ओं रुद्रपार्षदांस् तर्पयामि ओं रुद्रपार्षदीश्च तर्पयामि ।6 ओं विघ्नं तर्पयामि ओं विनायकं तर्पयामि ओं वीरं तर्पयामि ओं स्थूलं तर्पयामि ओं वरदं तर्पयामि ओं हस्तिमुखं तर्पयामि ओं वक्रतुण्डं तर्पयामि ओं एकदन्तं तर्पयामि ओं लम्बोदरं तर्पयामि ओं विघ्नपार्षदांस् तर्पयामि ओं विघ्नपार्षदीश् च तर्पयामि ।7 ओं सनत्कुमारं तर्पयामि ओं स्कन्दंतर्पयामि ओं इन्द्रं तर्पयामि ओं षष्ठींतर्पयामि ओं षण्मुखं तर्पयामि ओं जयन्तं तर्पयामि ओं विशाखं तर्पयामि ओं महासेनं तर्पयामि ओंसुब्रह्मण्यं तर्पयामि ओं स्कन्दपार्षदांस् तर्पयामि ओं स्कन्दपार्षदीश् च तर्पयामि ।8 ओं आदित्यं तर्पयामि ओं सोमं तर्पयामि ओं अङ्गारकं तर्पयामि ओं बुधं तर्पयामि ओं बृहस्पतिं तर्पयामि ओं शुक्रं तर्पयामि ओं शनैश्चरं तर्पयामि ओं राहुंतर्पयामि ओं केतुं तर्पयामि ।9 ओं केशवं तर्पयामि ओं नारायणं तर्पयामि ओं माधवं तर्पयामि ओं गोविन्दंतर्पयामि ओं विष्णुं तर्पयामि ओं मधुसूदनं तर्पयामि ओं त्रिविक्रमं तर्पयामि ओं वामनं तर्पयामि ओं श्रीधरं तर्पयामि ओं हृषीकेशं तर्पयामि ओं पद्मनाभंतर्पयामि ओं दामोदरं तर्पयामि ओं श्रियं देवीं तर्पयामि ओं सरस्वतीं देवीं तर्पयामि ओं पुष्टिं तर्पयामि ओं तुष्टिं तर्पयामि ओं गरुत्मन्तं तर्पयामि ओं विष्णुपार्षदांस् तर्पयामि ओं विष्णुपार्षदीश् च तर्पयामि ।10 ओं यमं तर्पयामि ओं यमराजं तर्पयामि ओं धर्मं तर्पयामि ओं धर्मराजंतर्पयामि ओं कालं तर्पयामि ओं नीलंतर्पयामि ओं मृत्युं तर्पयामि ओं वैवस्वतं तर्पयामि ओं चित्रं तर्पयामि ओं चित्रगुप्तं तर्पयामि ओं औदुम्बरंतर्पयामि ओं वैवस्वतपार्षदांस् तर्पयामि ओं वैवस्वतपार्षदीश्च तर्पयामि ।11 ओं भूमिदेवांस् तर्पयामि ओं काश्यपम् तर्पयामि ओं अन्तरिक्षं तर्पयामि ओं विद्यां तर्पयामि ओं धन्वन्तरिं तर्पयामि ओं धन्वन्तरिपार्षदांस् तर्पयामि ओं धन्वन्तरिपार्षदीश् च तर्पयामि इति ।12 अथ निवीती ।13 ओं ऋषींस् तर्पयामि ओं महर्षींस् तर्पयामि ओं परमर्षींस् तर्पयामि ओं ब्रह्मर्षींस् तर्पयामि ओं देवर्षींस् तर्पयामि ओं राजर्षींस् तर्पयामि ओं श्रुतर्षींस् तर्पयामि ओं जनरृषींस् तर्पयामि ओं तपरृषींस् तर्पयामि ओं सत्यर्षींस् तर्पयामि ओं सप्तर्षींस् तर्पयामि ओं काण्डर्षींस् तर्पयामि ओं ऋषिकांस् तर्पयामि ओं ऋषिपत्नीस् तर्पयामि ओं ऋषिपुत्रांस्तर्पयामि ओं ऋषिपौत्रांस् तर्पयामि ओं काण्वं बौधायनं तर्पयामि ओं आपस्तम्बं सूत्रकारं तर्पयामि ओं सत्याषाढंहिरण्यकेशिनं तर्पयामि ओं वाजसनेयिनं याज्ञवल्क्यम्तर्पयामि ओं आश्वलायनं शौनकं तर्पयामि ओं व्यासं तर्पयामि ओं वसिष्ठं तर्पयामि ओं प्रणवं तर्पयामि ओं व्याहृतीस् तर्पयामि ओं सावित्रीं तर्पयामि ओं गायत्रीं तर्पयामि ओं छन्दांसि तर्पयामि ओं ऋग्वेदं तर्पयामि ओं यजुर्वेदंतर्पयामि ओं सामवेदं तर्पयामि ओं अथर्ववेदं तर्पयामि ओं अथर्वाङ्गिरसस् तर्पयामि ओं इतिहासपुराणानितर्पयामि ओं सर्ववेदांस् तर्पयामि ओं सर्वदेवजनांस् तर्पयामि ओं सर्वभूतानितर्पयामि इति ।14 अथ प्राचीनावीति ओं पितॄन् स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं पितामहान् स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं प्रपितामहान् स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं मातॄः स्वधानमस् तर्पयामि ओं पितामहीः स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं प्रपितामहीः स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं मातामहान् स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं मातुः पितामहान्स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं मातुः प्रपितामहान् स्वधानमस् तर्पयामि ओं मातामहीः स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं मातुः पितामहीः स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं मातुः प्रपितामहीः स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ।1 ओं आचार्यान् स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं आचार्यपत्नीः स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं गुरून् स्वधानमस् तर्पयामि ओं गुरुपत्नीः स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं सखीन् स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं सखिपत्नीः स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं ज्ञातीन् स्वधानमस् तर्पयामि ओं ज्ञातिपत्नीः स्वधा नमस्तर्पयामि ओं अमात्यान् स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं अमात्यपत्नीः स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं सर्वान् स्वधा नमस् तर्पयामि ओं सर्वाः स्वधा नमस्तर्पयामि इति ।2 अनुतीर्थम् अप उत्सिञ्चति ।3 ऊर्जं वहन्तीर् अमृतं घृतं पयः कीलालं परिस्रुतम् स्वधा स्थ तर्पयत मे पितॄन् तृप्यत तृप्यत तृप्यत इति ।4

14 Purified by the five veda-sacrifices, he then quenches the deities with libations: 1 "OM Fire, Prajāpati, Soma, Rudra, Aditi, Bṛhaspati, and Serpents—I quench these deities of the eastern gate, together with the constellations, the stars, the days and nights, and the hours. OM I quench also the Vasus. 2 OM Ancestors, Aryaman, Bhaga, Savitr, Tvaṣṭṛ, Wind, Indra, and Fire—I quench these deities of the southern gate, together with the constellations, the stars, the days and nights, and the hours. OM I quench also the Rudras. 3 OM Mitra, Indra, Great Ancestors, Waters, All-Gods, Brahma, and Viṣṇu—I quench these deities of the western gate, together with the constellations, the stars, the days and nights, and the hours. OM I quench also the Adityas. 4 OM Vasus, Varuṇa, Aja Ekapād, Ahirbudhnya, Pūṣan, Aśvins, and Yama—I quench these deities of the northern gate, together with the constellations, the stars, the days and nights, and the hours. OM I quench the All-Gods. OM I quench also the Sādhyas. 5 OM I quench Brahma. OM I quench Prajāpati. OM I quench the Four-faced God. OM I quench Parameṣṭhin. OM I quench Hiraṇyagarbha. OM I quench Svayambhū. OM I quench Brahma's male attendants. OM I quench Brahma's female attendants. OM I quench Fire. OM I quench Wind. OM I quench Varuṇa. OM I quench Sun. OM I quench Moon. OM I quench the constellations. OM I quench Sadyojāta. OM Earth, I quench the Person. OM Atmosphere, I quench the Person. OM Sky, I quench the Person. OM Earth Atmosphere Sky, I quench the Person. OM I quench the Earth. OM I quench the Atmosphere. OM I quench the Sky. OM I quench Mahar. OM I quench Janas. OM I quench Tapas. OM I quench Satya. 6 OM I quench the god Bhava. OM I quench the god Śarva. OM I quench the god Īśāna. OM I quench the god Paśupati. OM I quench the god Rudra. OM I quench the god Ugra. OM I quench the god Bhīma. OM I quench the Great God. OM I quench the wife of the god Bhava. OM I quench the wife of the god Śarva. OM I quench the wife of the god Īśāna. OM I quench the wife of the god Paśupati. OM I quench the wife of the god Rudra. OM I quench the wife of the god Ugra. OM I quench the wife of the god Bhīma. OM I quench the wife of the Great God. OM I quench the son of the god Bhava. OM I quench the son of the god Śarva. OM I quench the son of the god Īśāna. OM I quench the son of the god Paśupati. OM I quench the son of the god Rudra. OM I quench the son of the god Ugra. OM I quench the son of the god Bhīma. OM I quench the son of the Great God. OM I quench the Rudras. OM I quench Rudra's male attendants. OM I quench Rudra's female attendants. 7 OM I quench Vighna. OM I quench Vināyaka. OM I quench Vīra. OM I quench Sthūla. OM I quench Varada. OM I quench Hastimukha. OM I quench Vakratuṇḍa. OM I quench Ekadanta. OM I quench Lambodara. OM I quench Vighna's male attendants. OM I quench Vighna's female attendants. 8 OM I quench Sanatkumāra. OM I quench Skanda. OM I quench Indra. OM I quench Ṣaṣṭhī. OM I quench Ṣaṇmukha. OM I quench Jayanta. OM I quench Viśākha. OM I quench Mahāsena. OM I quench Subrahmanya. OM I quench Skanda's male attendants. OM I quench Skanda's female attendants. 9 OM I quench Aditya. OM I quench Soma. OM I quench Aṅgāraka. OM I quench Budha. OM I quench Bṛhaspati. OM I quench Śukra. OM I quench Śanaiścara. OM I quench Rāhu. OM I quench Ketu. 10 OM I quench Keśava. OM I quench Nārāyaṇa. OM I quench Mādhava. OM I quench Govinda. OM I quench Viṣṇu. OM I quench Madhusūdana. OM I quench Trivikrama. OM I quench Vāmana. OM I quench Srīdhara. OM I quench Hṛṣīkeśa. OM I quench Padmanābha. OM I quench Dāmodara. OM I quench the goddess Śrī. OM I quench the goddess Sarasvatī. OM I quench Puṣṭi. OM I quench Tuṣṭi. OM I quench Garutmān. OM I quench Viṣṇu's male attendants. OM I quench Viṣṇu's female attendants. 11 OM I quench Yama. OM I quench King Yama. OM I quench Dharma. OM I quench King Dharma. OM I quench Kāla. OM I quench Nīla. OM I quench Mṛtyu. OM I quench Vaivasvata. OM I quench Citra. OM I quench Citragupta. OM I quench Audumbara. OM I quench Vaivasvata's male attendants. OM I quench Vaivasvata's female attendants. 12 OM I quench the deities of the earth. OM I quench Kāśyapa. OM I quench mid-space. OM I quench Knowledge. OM I quench Dhanvantari. OM I quench Dhanvantari's male attendants. OM I quench Dhanvantari's female attendants. 13 Next, wearing the sacrificial cord over his neck—14 "OM I quench the Seers. OM I quench the Great Seers. OM I quench the Supreme Seers. OM I quench the Brahman Seers. OM I quench the Divine Seers. OM I quench the Royal Seers. OM I quench the Seers by learning. OM I quench the Seers of Janas. OM I quench the Seers of Tapas. OM I quench the Seers of Satya. OM I quench the Seven Seers. OM I quench the Seers of the Kāṇḍas. OM I quench the Subordinate Seers. OM I quench the wives of the Seers. OM I quench the sons of the Seers. OM I quench the grandsons of the Seers. OM I quench Kāṇva Baudhāyana. OM I quench Āpastamba, the composer of the Sūtra. OM I quench Satyāṣāḍha Hiraṇyakeśin. OM I quench Vājasaneyin Yājnavalkya. OM I quench Āśvalāyana Śaunaka. OM I quench Vyāsa. OM I quench Vasiṣṭha. OM I quench the syllable OM. OM I quench the Calls. OM I quench the Sāvitrī. OM I quench the Gāyatrī. OM I quench the Meters. OM I quench the Ṛg Veda. OM I quench the Yajur Veda. OM I quench the Sāma Veda. OM I quench the Atharva Veda. OM I quench the Atharva-Aṅgirasas. OM I quench the Itihāsa-Purāṇas. OM I quench all the Vedas. OM I quench all the servants of gods. OM I quench all beings." 1 Next, wearing the sacrificial cord over his right shoulder and under his left arm—"OM I quench the fathers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the grandfathers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the great-grandfathers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the mothers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the paternal grandmothers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the paternal great-grandmothers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the maternal grandfathers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the mother's paternal grandfathers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the mother's paternal great-grandfathers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the maternal grandmothers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the mother's paternal grandmothers—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the mother's paternal great-grandmothers—Svadhā! Homage! 2 OM I quench the teacher—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the teacher's wives—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the elders—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the wives of the elders—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the friends—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the wives of friends—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the relatives—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the wives of the relatives—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the residents of the house—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench the wives of the residents of the house—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench all men—Svadhā! Homage! OM I quench all women—Svadhā! Homage!" 3 He pours water from the parts of the hand sacred to the appropriate deities. 4 He recites: "Bearing vigor, immortality, ghee, milk, nectar, and brew, you are the refreshing drink. Quench my fathers! May you be quenched! May you be quenched! May you be quenched!" [B 2.8.14; 2.9.1–14; 2.10.1–4]

v. Sexual Activity

Āpastamba

अहन्यसंवेशनम् ॥16 ऋतौ च संनिपातो दारेणानुव्रतम् ॥17 अन्तरालेऽपि दार एव ॥18 ब्राह्मणवचनाच्च संवेशनम् ॥19 स्त्रीवाससैव संनिपातः स्यात् ॥20 यावत्संनिपातं चैव सहशय्या ॥21 ततो नाना ॥22 उदकोपस्पर्शनम् ॥23 अपि वा लेपान् प्रक्षाल्याचम्य प्रोक्षणमङ्गानाम् ॥1

16 He shall not engage in sex during the daytime. 17 When his wife is in season, he must have sexual intercourse with her as required by his vow. 18–19 And if his wife wants it, he may have sex with her between the seasons as well, in accordance with the Brāhmaṇa passage. 20 He should only engage in sexual intercourse wearing the garment reserved for approaching his wife. 21 Let him, moreover, lie with his wife only for the duration of sexual intercourse; 22 after that they should lie separately 23 and afterwards take a bath. 1 Or else, they may cleanse the stains, sip some water, and sprinkle their bodies with water. [A 2.1.16–23; 2.2.1]

Gautama

न मिथुनीभूत्वा शौचं प्रति विलम्बेत ॥25 न च तस्मिञ्छयने स्वाध्यायमधीयीत ॥26 न चापररात्रमधीत्य पुनः प्रतिसंविशेत् ॥27 नाकल्यां नारीमभिरमयेत् ॥28 न रजस्वलाम् ॥29 न चैनां श्लिष्येत् ॥30 न कन्याम् ॥31

25 After engaging in sexual intercourse, he should not be tardy in purifying himself. 26 And he should not do the recitation of his Veda sitting on the same bed. 27 After reciting the Veda in the last watch of the night, moreover, he should not go back to bed. 28 He should not have intercourse with his wife when she is indisposed 29 or having her period, 30 or embrace her when she is in that state. 31 Neither should he embrace an unmarried girl. [G 9.25-31]

ऋतावुपेयात् ॥1 सर्वत्र वा प्रतिषिद्धवर्जम् ॥2

1 A man should have sexual intercourse with his wife when she is in her season, 2 or at any time, except on days when it is forbidden. [G 5.1-2]

Baudhāyana

त्रीणि वर्षाण्यृतुमतीं यो भार्यां नाधिगच्छति । स तुल्यं भ्रूणहत्यायै दोषमृच्छत्यसंशयम् ॥17 ऋतुस्नातां तु यो भार्यां संनिधौ नोपगच्छति । पितरस्तस्य तं मासं तस्मिन् रजसि शेरते ॥18 ऋतौ नोपैति यो भार्यामनृतौ यश्च गच्छति । तुल्यमाहुस्तयोर्दोषमयोनौ यश्च सिञ्चति ॥19 भर्तुः प्रतिनिवेशेन या भार्या स्कन्दयेदृतुम् । तां ग्राममध्ये विख्याप्य भ्रूणघ्नीं निर्धमेद् गृहात् ॥20 ऋतुस्नातां न चेद् गच्छेन्नियतां धर्मचारिणीम् । नियमातिक्रमे तस्य प्राणायामशतं स्मृतम् ॥21

17 If a man does not have sexual intercourse for three years with his wife who menstruates, he incurs a guilt equal to that of performing an abortion. 18 If a man does not have sexual intercourse with his wife after she has taken the bath that concludes her menstrual period when she is nearby, his ancestors will lie during that month in her menstrual discharge. 19 One who does not have sex with his wife during her season, and one who has sex with her outside her season, as also one who deposits his semen in a place other than the vagina—they all incur the same guilt. 20 When a wife suppresses her menstrual periods out of antipathy towards her husband, he should bring her to the middle of the village, declare her to be an abortionist, and drive her away from his house. 21 If a man does not have sexual intercourse with his virtuous and disciplined wife after she has taken the bath that concludes her menstrual period, for that transgression he should control his breath one hundred times. [B 4.1.17–21]

Vasiṣṭha

ऋतुकालगामी स्यात्पर्ववर्जं स्वदारेषु ॥21 नातीर्थमुपेयात् ॥22 अथाप्युदाहरन्ति । यस्तु पाणिगृहीताया आस्ये कुर्वीत मैथुनम् । भवन्ति पितरस्तस्य तन्मासं रेतसो भुजः । या स्यादनतिचारेण रतिः सा धर्म-

संश्रिता ॥23 अपि च काठके विज्ञायते । अपि नः श्वो

विजनिष्यमाणाः पतिभिः सह शयीरन्निति स्त्रीणामिन्द्रदत्तो वर इति ॥24

21 He should engage in sexual intercourse with his wife during her season, avoiding the days of the moon's change. 22 Let him not have intercourse in a place other than the vagina. 23 Now, they also quote: “If a man performs the sex act in the mouth of the woman he has married, during that month his ancestors will feed on his semen. Sexual intercourse performed without transgressing (the vagina) is in conformity with the Law.” 24 It is, moreover, stated in the Kāṭhaka: “‘May we lie with our husbands even when we are going to give birth the following day.’ This is the wish granted to women by Indra.” [Va 12.21–24]

न मलिनवाससा सह संवसेत् ॥5 नारजस्वलया ॥6 नायोग्यया ॥7

5 He should not have sex with a menstruating woman, 6 with a pre-pubescent girl, 7 or with an inappropriate woman. [Va 12.5–7]