155. KĀVYĀLANKĀRA OF RUDRAȚA 153

KĀVYĀLANKĀRA OF RUDRAȚA 153

In both there is arra sense which is subordinated to the any sense. Similarly, the figures मत (VIII. 69), साम्य (VIII.105), पिहित (IX. 50) are not defined by other early writers. About Rudrata we know very little. He seems to have been a Kashmirian as his name suggests1. At the beginning of his work he performs an obeisance to Ganesa and Gauri and at the end he praises भवानी, मुरारि and गजानन. While comment- ing upon V. 12-14 नमिसाधु says 'अत्र च च क्रे स्वनामाङ्कभूतोयं क्रोकः कविना- न्तर्भावितो यथा-शतानन्दापराख्येन भट्टवामुकसूनुना। साधितं रुद्रटेनेदं सामाजा धीमता हितम् ।'. This shows that रुद्रट was also called शतानन्द, that his father's name was वामुक and that he was a student of the सामवेद. Tz does not mention any author by name. But he seems to refer to भरत's नाव्यशास by the word आचार्ये: (in 12. 4), to मयूर (I.9 नुत्वा तथाहि दुर्गा केचित्तीर्णां दुरुत्तरां विपदम्। अपरे रोगविमुक्ति वरमन्ये लेमिरेऽभिमतम् ॥). He refers to the opinions of others, as in II. 2 (and नमिसाधु says thereon that the reference is to मेधाविरुद् and others who held that {z is of four kinds only and not five), VII. 17. One geographical reference (in VII. 105) to the river Siprā and Mālava ladies is interesting. रुदट must be regarded as a representative of the अलक्कार school. Although he knows the rasa theory propounded by Bharata and although he says that kavya must be endowed with रस (तस्माचत्कर्तव्यं यत्नेन महीयसा रसैयुक्तम् । chap. 12.2), still he looked upon alankāras as very important. It is a noticeable feature that he does not attach importance to the ritis, though he casually refers to them (II. 4-6, XIV. 37, XV. 20) and speaks of four ritis; and the gunas are not defined and illustrated by him. The साहित्यदर्पण (IX. 2) quotes from रुद्रट an Arya about वैदर्भी which is not found in the काव्यालङ्कार. Some of the special features of रुद्रट's काव्यालद्कार are: (1) He was the first to pro- pound some basis for the classification of Alankāras (viz. anaq, शपम्य, अतिशय, श्लेष); (2) to the nine well-known rasas he adds प्रेयस् (12.3 and 15.17) as the 10th रस, (3) he does not attach

1. There is no doubt that many Kashmirian names end in z. But there is no monopoly in names. In a grant of the Gurjara Pratīhāra king Bhojadeva of Kanoj dated in the Vikrama year 893 (i.c. 836-37 A.D.) an officer named az is found; 'रद्रटेन प्रयुक्तस्य आसनस्य स्थिरायतेः। दूतको बालादित्योत्र राज्यभट्टारिका- ga: 1.' Vide E. I. Vol. 19 p. 15 at p. 18.