266. 266 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

266 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

मनम्त died in 1081 A. D. at the age of 61. The words of चेमेन्द्र lead one to suppose that the two works .were written while भनन्त was actually reigning. Therefore, केमेन्द्र wrote the two works before 1063 A. D. and his literary activity lay in the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the 11th century. As he was a pupil of भमिनव० whose literary activity lay between 980-1020, चेमेन्द्र must have been born about 990 A. D. and died sometime after 1066 A. D. For further information about his works vide Buhler's Kashmir Report (pp. 45-48), JBBRAS vol. 16 (extra No. pp. 5-9) and vol. 16 pp. 167-179 (Peterson on the nfry.), Dr. De in H. S. P. vol. I pp. 142-143, Dr. Surya- kanta's exhaustive paper in Poona Orientalist vol. 17 for 1952 pp. 1. 220 for Ksemendra's life and works and translation of his भौचित्यविचारचर्चा, कविक एठाभरण, and सुवृत्ततिलक. . 26 The काव्यप्रकाश of मम्मट. This far-famed work has been published several times. Here it is the edition with the बालबोधिनी of वामनाचार्य (5th edition of 1933) that is referred to; it was originally published in the B. S. series. In the alankāra literature the r19GTT occupies a unique position. It sums up in itself all the activities that had been going on for centuries in the field of Poetics; while it becomes itself a fountain-head from which fresh streams of doctrines issue forth. Like the शारीरकभाष्य in Vedanta or the महाभाष्य in grammar, the काव्यप्रकाश becomes a starting point for future exegesis and expansion. The great merit of the work is that it combines fulness of treatment with conciseness. In 143 kārikas (often called sutras1) the whole field of Poetics is traversed. The work is divided into ten ullāsas and comprises as usual three parts, the कारिकाs, theवृतति and the examples, all of which are taken from other works (except probably a few simple examples under उपमा, व्यतिरेक &c.). The contents of the work are :- I, the purpose of काव्य, काव्यहेतु, the definition of काव्य, its sub-divisions into उत्तम (where the suggested sense far excels the वाच्य sense), मध्यम and भवम; II. word is वाचक, लाक्षसिक and व्यञ्जक and sense also is वाध्य, लक्ष्य and व्यङ्य; some maintain a fourth sense called aneuard; explanation of these terms and the sub-divisions of

1. The संप्रदायप्रकाशिनी of श्रीविद्याचक्रवर्तिन् (Tri. ed.) speaks of the कारिकाs as सूत्र (vide pp. 7,81); चएबीदास also in his com. calls the 'कारिकाकार सत्रकृत' (p.88).