334. 336 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

336 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

subject and in general for the development of Poetics my articles in I. A. for 1912 pp. 124-128 and pp. 201-208 and on the epi- graphic material in Buhler's essay 'Die Indische Inschriften etc.' (translated by Prof. Ghate in I. A. for 1913 pp. 29, 137, 172, 188, 230, 243). In 'seven Brahmi Inscriptions from Mathura' E. I. vol. 24 pp. 199 ff. Prof. Lüders says that in one of them occurs a verse in the भुजङविजृम्भित metre and that therefore it must be conceded that Kavya poetry was fully developed before 1st century B.C. The Inscription of रुद्रदामन at Junagad (dated 150 A.D.) sheds very great light on the stage Poetics had reach- ed by that time. Vide ASWI vol. II p. 128 and E. I. vol. VIII. p. 36 for the inscription. The preserved portion contains only two verbs, it is written in prose with long compounds, it is full of alliteration and other tricks with words. A brief quotation will convey an idea of the nature of the inscription: सर्वक्षत्राविष्कृत- वीरशब्दजातोत्सेकाविधेयानां यौधेयानां प्रसत्योत्साद केन ... शब्दार्थगान्धर्वन्यायाद्याना विद्यानां महतीनां पारखधारणविज्ञानप्रयोगावाप्तविपुलकीर्तिना ... स्फुटलघुमघुरचित्र- कान्तशब्दसमयोदारालङकृतगद्यपद्य ... यमधिगतमहाक्षत्रपनाम्ना नरेन्द्रकन्यास्वयंव- रानेकमाल्यप्राप्त दाम्ना महाक्षत्रपेय रुद्रदाम्ना (P. 44). This shows that in or before the second century A. D. araa had been divided into n4 and qu, that some of the gunas that figure in later works had been already named (vide स्फुट,1 मधुर, कान्त, उदार, which correspond to प्रसाद, माधुर्य, कान्ति and उदारता of the काव्या- दर्श), both गंध and पद्य were required to be अलङकृत (that is endowed with figures of speech). The नाट्यशाख 17. 102, 106, 107 (K. M. ed. 16. 103, 107-108 and GOS. ed. 16. 104, 110, 112), define माधुर्य, उदात्त, कान्त. The composer of this inscription was evidently trying to come up to the standard of a good poet laid down in the works on Poetics of his day and there- fore this inscription represents at least a mediocre attempt at what a kavya was in those days required to be. The Nasik Inscription of Siri Pulumayi, which is somewhat earlier than that of marHa, though in Prakrit, exhibits the same traits (Bombay Gazetteer vol. 16 p. 550 and E. I. vol. 8 p. 60 No. 2). In the first two centuries of the Christian era both 1. कौटिल्य II. 10 p. 71 (शासनाधिकर) says अर्थक्रमः, सम्बन्धः, परिपूर्णता माधुर्यमौदार्य स्पष्टत्वमिति लेखसम्पत and defines the last three as 'सुखोपनीतचार्वर्थशब्दामिधानं माधुर्यम्। अग्राम्यशब्दाभिधानमौदार्यम्। प्रणीत- शब्दप्रयोग: स्पष्टत्वमिति'. Compare वामन's काव्या. स. III. 2.11, 13, 14 of which भग्राम्यत्वमुदारता is very close to कौ.