41. 38 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

38 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

down, forgets his speech or faints & c.1; the language of the Dhruvas was to be Sauraseni generallyª (verses 408-410), though a few (chap. 32. 47-55 are) in Sanskrit; qualifications of the singer and of those who are to play on such musical instru- ments as वीणा, वंश (flute made from bamboo); singing comes naturally to women and playing on musical instruments to men3; six qualifications of the teacher of music and the pupil; 33 disquisition on the instruments called शवनद्ध such as मृदङ्, पराव, ₹7; Svāti and Nārada promulgated Gāndharva and Vādya; occasions when all kinds of musical instruments are to be played; the superintending deities of musical instruments: 34 three kinds of prakrtis among men and women, viz. उत्तम, मध्यम and श्रधम and their characteristics; four kinds of heroes in plays viz धीरोद्धत, धीरललित, धीरोदात्त and धोरप्रशान्त and who are to be represented as falling in these classes; different kinds of women in plays such as महादेवी, देवी, नर्तिका, परिचारिका and the descriptions of these; atten- dants in the harem such as कञ्चुकीयs, वर्षयवरS; characteristics of नृप, सेनापति, पुरोहित, मन्त्रिन्, सचिव, प्राडविवाक, कुमार; 35 the assignment of various parts to the several members on the staff of a dramatic troupe and the characteristics required; artificial devices made with clay, wood and hides (नाट्यधर्मी) to represent a character with many hands and faces(like Rāvana) or to represent animals (like lions and elephants &c.); about men taking the parts of women and vice versa; dramatic representation is of two kinds सुकुमार (in नाटक, प्रकरण, भाष, वीथो, अक्) and आविद्ध (in डिम and the rest) ; qualifications of सूत्रधार, पारिपार्ध्रिक, actors, विट, शकार,5 विदूषक, चेट, नाथिका, गर्खिका, नट and artisans and craftsmen (such as माल्यकृत्, वेषकर, रजक, कारुक); 36 The sages, Atreya and others, ask Bharata

I. प्रावेशिकी तु प्रथमा द्वितीयाक्षेपिकी स्मृता। प्रासादिकी तृतीया च चतुर्थी चान्तरा धवा। नैष्कामिकी च विशेया पञ्चकी च ध्रुवा युधः ॥ नाट्य. 32. 23-24; vide also 32. 334, 340. 2. The Prakrit of the Dhruva verses is rather corrupt. Dr. Manomohan Ghosh has edited all prakrit verses found in this chapter; vide I. H. Q. vol. VIII. at end pp. 1-52. 3. प्रायेश तु स्वभावात्ख्नीयां गानं नृखां च वाद्यविधि:। स्त्रीखां स्वभावमधुरः कएठो नृणं बलत्वं च।। नाटय. 32.465. 4. एवं च शीलतो नणं प्रकृतिस्त्रिविधा ल्ियः ॥ नाट्य 34.8. 5. उज्ज्वलवस्ाभरणः कुध्यत्यनिमित्ततः प्रसीदति च। भधमो मागधभाषी भवति शकारो बदुविकार: ॥ नाट्य. 35. 56.