47. 44 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

44 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

see नाटयशास्त्र 7. 93) and verse 809 (सदृशेप्यनुभावगयो करुयरसं विप्रलम्भतो भिन्नम) refers to नाटयशास्त्र VI.p. 73 where this matter is discussed. Therefore, it follows that the important chapters of the नाटयशास्त्र from the first to the 36th existed before 800 A. D. (c) आनन्दवर्धन in the ध्वन्यालोक says 'यदि वा वत्तीनां भरतप्रसिद्धानां कैशिक्यादीनां' (p. 202) and 'यथा वेणीसंहारे विलासाख्यस्य प्रतिमुखसन्ध्यङस्य प्रकृतरसनिबन्धनाननुगुमपि भरतमतानुसरएमात्रेच्छया घटनं' (p.185); so also 'अत एव च भरते प्रबन्धप्रख्यातवस्तुविषयत्वं प्रख्यातोदात्तनायकत्वं च नाटकस्यावश्यक- तव्यतयोपन्यस्तम्' (p. 180) and 'एतच्च रसादितात्पर्येण काव्यनिबन्धनं भरतादा- वपि सुप्रसिद्धमेव' (p.226). The vrttis called Kaisiki and others are described in the नाटयशास्त्र (chap. 20 in G. O. S. vol. III and in chap.22 in other editions and mss.) and the anga named विलास is defined in chap.21.61 and 78-G.O.S. vol.III. 22.15. In defining नाटक (chap. 16. 16-12-G. O. S. ed. chap. 18.10-12) the very first half verse is 'प्रख्यातवस्तुविषयं प्रख्यातोदत्तनायकं चैव' (10). आरानन्दवर्धन flourished in the latter half of the 9th century. The वेणीसंहार had been composed before him and the auther of that drama regar- ded Bharata as a paramount authority. Therefore, centuries before आनन्दवर्धन the नाट्यशास्त्र contained a treatment of rasas, heroes, व च्तिs and such minute particulars as the anga of the प्रतिमुख- सन्धि called विलास. (d) The काव्यप्रकाश quotes from Bharata the sutra 'विभावानु- भावव्यभिचारिसंयोगाद्रसनिष्पत्तिः' (which occurs in the 6th chap. p. 71) and gives the interpretation of that sūtra by four scholars, भट्टलोल्लट, शडकुक्, भट्टनायक and अभिनवगुप्त. Whether all these composed commentaries on the नाट्यशास्त्र will be discussed later. It will be seen later that अभिनवगुनत's literary activity lay between 980-1030 A. D. and that भट्टनायक flourished between 900 and 925 A. D. शङकुक has probably to be identified with the post शङ कु , author of भुवनाभ्युश्य, mentioned in the राजतरक्गिणी (IV.705) 'कविबुधमनःसिन्धु- शशाङ्क: शडकुकाभिधः । यमुद्दिश्याकरोत्काव्यं भुवनाभ्युदयाभिधम्॥'. This would assign him to about 840 A. D. सोमेश्वर in his commentary on the काव्यप्रकाश quotes a few verses of शङकुक on the above sutra of Bhar- ata and the criticism of Bhatta Tauta thereon. The exact date of Lollata cannot be determined. But as शङ्कुक, नायक and अभिनवगुप्त are mentioned in chronological order, it is not unlikely that लोल्लट precedes all three. He wrote रसविवरण and सोमेश्वर quotes from लोल्लट (folio 155 b) 'यमकानुलोमतदितरचक्रादिभिदा हि रसविरोधिन्यः । अभिधानमात्रमेदगद्द (ड?) रिकादिप्रवाहो वा ।'. This verse is qucted by नमिसाधु also (on रुद्रट III. 59) without the author's name. There-