91. 88 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

88 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

of whom are the principal characters in the बृहत्कथा. He very often cites the views of other rhetoricians under the words अपरे, अन्ये, केषांचित् (II. 6, 8, 87; III. 12, 54) and refers to other writers (on grammar and other sastras) also (IV: 6; V. 6, 11, 60). He thought very highly of Panini's system 'श्रद्धेयं जगति मतं हि पाषिनीयं' (VI. 63); at the beginning of the 6th परि० there is a fine रूपक on grammar 'सूत्राम्भसं पदावर्तपारायणरसातलम्। धातूणदि- गणग्राहं ध्यानग्रहवृहत्प्लवम्। नापारयित्वा दुर्गाधममुं व्याकरणार्णवम्। शब्दरत्नं स्वयंगममलभ्कतुमयं जन:॥ .. He refers to दएडनीति (IV. 38) and to स्फोटवाद (VI. 12 'शपथैरपि चादेयं वचो न स्फोटवादिनाम्। नभःकुसुममस्तीति श्रद्ध्यात्कः सचेतन:). In IV. 7 (गुरुभिः कि विवादेन) it is not clear to whom he refers as J. His verses are generally smooth and polished and about 100 of them have been quoted by the लोचन and other later writers. The कामधेनु (वाणीविलास ed.) quotes many verses from भामह about definitions of सूत्र, वृत्ति and topics of Poetics which are not found in the काव्यालक्वार. नारायण in his com. on the वृत्तरत्नाकर quotes long passages from भामह (pp. 5-6) which indicate that भामह wrote on metrics also. राघवभट्ट in अर्थदोतनिका on शाकुन्तल I. 1 cites a half verse of भामह 'क्षेमं सवगुरुद त्ते मगणो भूमिदैबतः-इति भाम- होक्तेः'. Whether the भामह who wrote the टीका on वररुचि's grammar is identical with our author is doubtful. Pischel in his Prakrit grammar (p. 35) holds that the two are identical and so does Prof. Pathak in his Intro. to कविराजमार्ग (p. 16). The देशीनाममाला of हेमचन्द्र (ed. by p. Ramanujaswami, 1938) mentions on VIII. 39 भामह as follows 'अरत्र सुगिम्हओर फाल्गुनोत्सव इति सुग्रीष्मक- शब्दभवः । दृश्यते चायं संस्कृते। यद्धामहः। सुग्रीष्मकेन दृष्ट इति ।'. From what work of arag this is taken cannot be stated. This is a पाद of an आर्या. गोपाल in his commentary on काव्यप्रकाश called साहित्यचूडामखि (Tri. ed. p. 2) says 'उद्भटेनापि नम्रेय नायकेनोपलालितः । हृधो भाम इव स्त्रीखामल्पारम्भोपि भामहः॥'. We know that उद्भट wrote भामहविवरय; but it is not possible to say what नायक had to do with भामह's work. Before discussing the question of the age of Bhamaha, it would be better, in order to clear the ground, to say a few words about the काब्यादर्श. Mr. Batuknath Sarma in the Intro. to his edition of Bhamaha places Bhāmaha between 400 to 600 A.D. (p. 54). His main grounds will be discussod later on. 9 The Kāvyādaśra of Daņdin. The Kāvyādarśa has been often printed in India and Europe (at Calcutta in 1863 with