5. पञ्चमः प्रश्नः
पञ्चमः प्रश्नः
Verse १
अथ हैनं सैब्यः सत्यकामः पप्रच्छ।स यो ह वै तद् वगवन्मनुष्येषु प्रायणान्तमोङ्कारमभिध्यायीत कतमं वाव स तेन लोकं जयतीति ॥
atha hainaṁ saibyaḥ satyakāmaḥ papraccha |sa yo ha vai tad vagavanmanuṣyeṣu prāyaṇāntamoṅkāramabhidhyāyīta katamaṁ vāva sa tena lokaṁ jayatīti ||
Then the Shaivya Satyakama asked him: “Lord, he among men that meditate unto death on OM the syllable, which of the worlds doth he conquer by its puissance?” अथ - atha - then | शैब्यः सत्यकामः - śaibyaḥ satyakāmaḥ - the Shaivya Satyakama | एनम् पप्रच्छ - enam papraccha - asked him | भगवन् - bhagavan - Lord! | मनुष्येषु सः - manuṣyeṣu saḥ - he among men that | प्रायणान्तम् - prāyaṇāntam - unto death | तत् ओंकारम् - tat oṁkāram - on OM the syllable | अभिध्यायीत - abhidhyāyīta - meditate | तेन - tena - by its puissance | कतमम् वाव लोकम् - katamam vāva lokam - which of the worlds | सः जयति इति - saḥ jayati iti - doth he conquer? | V-1: Next, Satyakama, son of Sibi, asked him, "O venerable sir, which world does he really win thereby, who among men, intently meditates on Om in that wonderful way till death?" To him he said:
तत्पश्चात् शैव्य सत्यकाम ने उनसे पूछा, ''हे भगवन्, मनुष्यों में जो मृत्युपर्यन्त 'ओंकार' (एकाक्षर ॐ) का ध्यान करता है, वह उसकी शक्ति से किस लोक को जय करता है ?"
Verse २
तस्मै स होवाच एतद् वै सत्यकाम परं चापरं च ब्रह्म यदोङ्कारः।तस्माद् विद्वानेतेनैवायतनेनैकतरमन्वेति ॥
tasmai sa hovāca etad vai satyakāma paraṁ cāparaṁ ca brahma yadoṅkāraḥ |tasmād vidvānetenaivāyatanenaikataramanveti ||
To him answered the Rishi Pippalada: “This imperishable Word that is OM, O Satyakama, is the Higher Brahman and also the Lower. Therefore the wise man by making his home in the Word, winneth to one of these. सः - saḥ - he (the Rishi Pippalada) | तस्मै ह - tasmai ha - to him | उवाच - uvāca - answered | सत्यकाम - satyakāma - O Satyakama! | एतत् वै - etat vai - this, O Satyakama! | यत् परम् च अपरम् च ब्रह्म - yat param ca aparam ca brahma - the Higher Brahman and also the Lower | ओंकारः - oṁkāraḥ - imperishable Word that is OM | तस्मात् - tasmāt - therefore | विद्वान् - vidvān - the wise man | एतेन आयतनेन - etena āyatanena - by making his home in the Word | एकतरम् - ekataram - one of these | अन्वेति - anveti - winneth to | V-2: O Satyakama, this very Brahman, that is (known as) the inferior and superior, is but this Om. Therefore the illumined soul attains either of the two through this one means alone.
ऋषि पिप्पलाद ने उसे उत्तर दिया, ''हे सत्यकाम, यह 'ओंकार', यह 'अक्षर शब्द', 'परब्रह्म' भी है 'अवर-ब्रह्म' भी। अतएव विद्वान् पुरुष इस 'शब्द' में अपना निवासस्थान बनाकर, इनमें से किसी एक को प्राप्त कर लेता है।
Verse ३
स यध्येकमात्रमभिध्यायीत स तेनैव संवेदितस्तूर्णमेव जगत्याभिसंपध्यते।तमृचो मनुष्यलोकमुपनयन्ते स तत्र तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण श्रद्धया संपन्नो महिमानमनुभवति ॥
sa yadhyekamātramabhidhyāyīta sa tenaiva saṁveditastūrṇameva jagatyābhisaṁpadhyate |tamṛco manuṣyalokamupanayante sa tatra tapasā brahmacaryeṇa śraddhayā saṁpanno mahimānamanubhavati ||
“If he meditate on the one letter of OM the syllable, by that enlightened he attaineth swiftly in the material universe, and the hymns of the Rigveda escort him to the world of men; there endowed with askesis and faith and holiness he experienceth majesty. यदि सः हि - yadi saḥ hi - if he | एकमात्रम् - ekamātram - the one letter of OM the syllable | अभिध्यायीत - abhidhyāayīta - meditate | सः तेन एव - saḥ tena eva - by that | संवेदितः - saṁveditaḥ - enlightened | तूर्णम् एव - tūrṇam eva - swiftly | जगत्याम् - jagatyām - in the material universe | अभिसम्पद्यत्ते - abhisampadyatte - he attaineth | ऋचः - ṛcaḥ - the hymns of the Rigveda | तम् - tam - him | मनुष्यलोकम् - manuṣyalokam - to the world of men | उपनयन्ते - upanayante - escort | सः तत्र - saḥ tatra - there he | तपसा - tapasā - askesis | ब्रह्मचर्येण - brahmacaryeṇa - holiness | श्रद्धया - śraddhayā - faith | सम्पन्नः - sampannaḥ - endowed with | महिमानम् - mahimānam - majesty | अनुभवति - anubhavati - experienceth | V-3: Should he meditate on Om as consisting of one letter he becomes enlightened even by that and attains a human birth on the earth. The Rik mantras lead him to the human birth. Being endued there with self-control, continence, and faith he experiences greatness.
''यदि वह इस 'ओंकार' की एक मात्रा का ध्यान करता है तो, उससे अलोकित होकर शीघ्र ही भौतिक जगत् को प्राप्त करता है, तथा ऋग्वेद की ऋचाएँ उसे मनुष्यलोक में ले जाती हैं; वहाँ तप, श्रद्धा एवं ब्रह्मचर्य से सम्पन्न वह महिमा की अनुभूति करता है।
Verse ४
अथ यदि द्विमात्रेण मनसि संपद्यते सोऽन्तरिक्षं यजुर्भिरुन्नीयते सोमलोकम्।स सोमलोके विभुतिमनुभूय पुनरावर्तते ॥
atha yadi dvimātreṇa manasi saṁpadyate so'ntarikṣaṁ yajurbhirunnīyate somalokam |sa somaloke vibhutimanubhūya punarāvartate ||
“Now if by the two letters of the syllable he in the mind attaineth, to the skies he is exalted and the hymns of the Yajur escort him to the Lunar World. In the heavens of the Moon he feeleth his soul's majesty; then once more he returneth. अथ यदि - atha yadi - now if | द्विमात्रेण - dvimātreṇa - by the two letters of the syllable | मनसि सम्पद्यते - manasi sampadyate - he in the mind attaineth | सः - saḥ - he | यजुर्भिः - yajurbhiḥ - escorted by the hymns of the Yajur | अन्तरिक्षम् - antarikṣam - to the skies him | सोमलोकम् - somalokam - to the Lunar World | उन्नीयते - unnīyate - is exalted | सः - saḥ - he | सोमलोके - somaloke - in the heavens of the Moon | विभूतिम् - vibhūtim - soul's majesty | अनुभुय - anubhuya - feeleth | पुनः - punaḥ - then once more | आवर्तते - āvartate - he returneth | V-4: Now gain, if he meditates on Om with the help of the second letter, he becomes identified with the mind. By the Yajur mantras he is lifted to the intermediate space, the world of the Moon. Having experienced greatness in the lunar world, he turns round again.
''और, यदि उसकी (ओंकार की) दो मात्राओं के द्वारा मन में प्राप्त करता है, तो अन्तरिक्ष तक उसका उन्नयन होता है तथा यजुर्वेद के मन्त्र उसे 'चन्द्रलोक' में ले जाते हैं। 'चन्द्रमा' के लोक (सोमलोक) में वह अपनी आत्मा की महिमा का अनुभव करता है; तत्पश्चात् वह पुनः लौट आता है।
Verse ५
यः पुनरेतं त्रिमात्रेणोमित्येतेनैवाक्षरेण परं पुरुषमभिध्यायीत स तेजसि सूर्ये संपन्नः।यथा पादोदरस्त्वचा विनिर्भुच्यत एवं ह वै स पाप्मना विनिर्भुक्तः स सामभिरुन्नीयते ब्रह्मलोकं स एतस्माज्जीवघनात्परात्परं पुरिशयं पुरुषमीक्षते तदेतौ श्लोकौ भवतः ॥
yaḥ punaretaṁ trimātreṇomityetenaivākṣareṇa paraṁ puruṣamabhidhyāyīta sa tejasi sūrye saṁpannaḥ |yathā pādodarastvacā vinirbhucyata evaṁ ha vai sa pāpmanā vinirbhuktaḥ sa sāmabhirunnīyate brahmalokaṁ sa etasmājjīvaghanātparātparaṁ puriśayaṁ puruṣamīkṣate tadetau ślokau bhavataḥ ||
“But he who by all the three letters meditateth by this syllable, even by OM on the Most High Being, he in the Solar World of light and energy is secured in his attainings; as a snake casteth off its slough, so he casteth off sin, and the hymns of the Samaveda escort him to the heaven of the Spirit. He from that Lower who is the density of existence beholdeth the Higher than the Highest of whom every form is one city. Whereof these are the verses. यः पुनः - yaḥ punaḥ - but he who | त्रिमात्रेण - trimātreṇa - by all the three letters | ॐ इति एतेन अक्षरेण - om iti etena akṣareṇa - even by OM, by this syllable | एतम् परम् पुरुषम् - etam param puruṣam - on the Most High Being | अभिध्यायीत - abhidhyāyīta - meditateth | तेजसि सूर्ये - tejasi sūrye - in the Solar World of light and energy | सः सम्पन्नः - saḥ sampannaḥ - he is secured in his attainings | यथा पादोदरः - yathā pādodaraḥ - as a snake | त्वचा विनिर्मुच्यते - tvacā vinirmucyate - casteth off its slough | एवम् ह वै - evam ha vai - so | पाप्मना सः विनिर्मुक्तः - pāpmanā saḥ vinirmuktaḥ - he casteth off sin | सामभिः - sāmabhiḥ - by the hymns of the Samaveda | सः उन्नीयते - saḥ unnīyate - he is uplifted | ब्रह्मलोकम् - brahmalokam - to the heaven of the Spirit | एतस्मात् जीवधनात् - etasmāt jīvadhanāt - from that Lower who is the density of existence | सः - saḥ - | परम् पुरिशयम् पुरुषम् - param puriśayam puruṣam - the Higher than the Highest of whom every form is one city | सः ईक्षते - saḥ īkṣate - he beholdeth | तत् एतौ श्लोकौ भवतः - tat etau ślokau bhavataḥ - whereof these are the verses | V-5: Again, any one who meditates on the supreme Purusha with the help of this very syllable Om, as possessed of three letters, becomes unified in the Sun, consisting of light. As a snake becomes freed from its Slough, exactly in a similar way, he becomes freed from sin, and he is lifted up to the world of Brahma (Hiranyagarbha) by the Sama mantras. From this total mass of creatures (that Hiranyagarbha is) he sees the supreme Purusha that penetrates every being and is higher than the higher One (viz. Hiranyagarbha). Bearing on this, there occur two verses:
''किन्तु जो इन तीनों मात्राओंवाले 'ओम्' के द्वारा 'परमोच्च पुरुष' का ध्यान करता है, वह प्रकाश एवं ऊर्जा अर्थात् तेजोमय 'सूर्यलोक' को प्राप्त करता है। जिस प्रकार साँप अपनी केंचुली छोड़ देता है, उसी प्रकार यह व्यक्ति पापमुक्त हो जाता है, तथा सामवेद के मन्त्र उसे 'ब्रह्मलोक' में ले जाते हैं। वह उस 'निम्नतर' से, जो जीव की सघनता है, उस 'परात्पर' पुरुष का दर्शन करता है, जिसका प्रत्येक रूप एक धाम है। इसी विषय में ये दोनों श्लोक हैं।
Verse ६
तिस्रो मात्रा मृत्युमत्यः प्रयुक्ता अन्योन्यसक्ताः अनविप्रयुक्ताः।क्रियासु बाह्यान्तरमध्यमासु सम्यक्प्रयुक्तासु न कम्पते ज्ञः ॥
tisro mātrā mṛatyumatyaḥ prayuktā anyonyasaktāḥ anaviprayuktāḥ |kriyāsu bāhyāntaramadhyamāsu samyakprayuktāsu na kampate jñaḥ ||
“'Children of death are the letters when they are used as three, the embracing and the inseparable letters; but the wise man is not shaken; for there are three kinds of works, outward deed and inward action and another which is blended of the two, and all these he doeth rightly without fear and without trembling. अन्योन्यसक्ताः - anyonyasaktāḥ - the embracing | अनविप्रयुक्ताः - anaviprayuktāḥ - the inseparable letters | तिस्रः मात्राः - tisraḥ mātrāḥ - are the letters as three | प्रयुक्ताः - prayuktāḥ - when they are used | मृत्युमत्यः - mṛtyumatyaḥ - children of death | बाह्याभ्यन्तरमध्यमासु क्रियासु - bāhyābhyantaramadhyamāsu kriyāsu - in the outward deed and inward action and another which is blended of the two | सम्यक् प्रयुक्तासु - samyak prayuktāsu - all these done rightly | ज्ञः - jñaḥ - the wise man | न कम्पते - na kampate - neither fears nor trembles | V-6: The three letters (by themselves) are within the range of death. But if they are closely joined, one to another, are not divergently applied to different objects, and are applied to the three courses of action - external, internal and intermediate - that are properly resorted to, then the man of enlightenment does not shake (i.e. remains undisturbed).
'''ये मात्राएँ, परस्पर संलग्न एवं अविच्छेद्य, जब तीन मात्राओं के रूप में प्रयोग की जाती हैं तब वे मृत्युमती, मृत्यु की सन्तान-रूप होती हैं; किन्तु ज्ञानी पुरुष इससे विकम्पित नहीं होता; कारण, त्रिविध कर्म होते हैं, बाह्यकर्म, आभ्यन्तर कर्म तथा दोनों के मिश्ररूप कर्म, और वह निर्भय होकर अकम्पित, अविचलित भाव से इन तीनों कर्मों को उचित रूप से करता है।
Verse ७
ऋग्भिरेतं यजुर्भिरन्तरिक्षं सामभिर्यत्तत्कवयो वेदयन्ते।तमोंकारेणैवायतनेनान्वेति विद्वान् यत्तच्छान्तमजरममृतमभयं परं चेति ॥
ṛgbhiretaṁ yajurbhirantarikṣaṁ sāmabhiryattatkavayo vedayante |tamoṁkāreṇaivāyatanenānveti vidvān yattacchāntamajaramamṛtamabhayaṁ paraṁ ceti ||
“'To the earth the Rigveda leadeth, to the skies the Yajur, but the Sama to That of which the sages know. Thither the wise man by resting on OM the syllable attaineth, even to that Supreme Quietude where age is not and fear is cast out by immortality.' ” ऋग्भिः एतम् - ṛgbhiḥ etam - to the earth the Rigveda leadeth | यजुर्भिः अन्तरिक्षम् - yajurbhiḥ antarikṣam - to the skies the Yajur | सामभिः - sāmabhiḥ - but the Sama | यत् कवयः वेदयन्ते - yat kavayaḥ vedayante - to That of which the sages know | तत् यत् - tat yat - even to that | परम् शान्तम् - param śāntam - which is Supreme Quietude | अजरम् - ajaram - where age is not | मृतम् - mṛtam - which is immortal | अभयम् - abhayam - where fear is cast out | तम् - tam - that | विद्वान् - vidvān - the wise | ओङ्कारेण आयतनेन एव - oṅkāreṇa āyatanena eva - by resting on OM the syllable | अन्वेति - anveti - attaineth | च इति - ca iti - and | V-7: The intelligent know this world that is attainable by the Rik mantras, the intermediate space achievable by the Yajur mantras, and that which is reached by the Sama mantras. The enlightened man attains that (threefold) world through Om alone; and through Om as an aid, he reaches that also which is the supreme Reality that is quiet and beyond old age, death and fear.
'''ऋग्वेद के द्वारा इहलोक (पृथ्वी) को प्राप्त करते हैं, अन्तरिक्ष को यजुर्वेद के द्वारा, किन्तु सामवेद के द्वारा 'उसे' जिसे ऋषि ही जानते हैं। विद्वान् पुरुष 'ओंकार' में स्थित होकर ही उस लोक को प्राप्त करते हैं, वे उस 'परमा शान्ति' को भी प्राप्त करते हैं जहाँ जरा का प्रभाव है तथा 'अमृतत्व' के द्वारा भय से मुक्ति मिल जाती है।