5. पञ्चमोध्यायः
पञ्चमोध्यायः
Verse १
ॐ कोऽयमात्मेति वयमुपास्महे कतरः स आत्मा।येन वा पश्यति येन वा शृणोति येन वा गंधानाजिघ्रति येन वा वाचं व्याकरोति येन वा स्वादु चास्वादु च विजानाति ॥
om ko'yamātmeti vayamupāsmahe kataraḥ sa ātmā |yena vā paśyati yena vā śṛṇoti yena vā gaṁdhānājighrati yena vā vācaṁ vyākaroti yena vā svādu cāsvādu ca vijānāti ||
Who is this Spirit that we may adore Him? and which of all these is the Spirit? by whom one seeth or by whom one heareth or by whom one smelleth all kinds of perfume or by whom one uttereth clearness of speech or by whom one knoweth the sweet and bitter. कः अयम् - kaḥ ayam - who is this | आत्मा इति - ātmā iti - Spirit | वयम् उपास्महे - vayam upāsmahe - that we may adore Him | सः आत्मा - saḥ ātmā - that Spirit | कतरः - kataraḥ - which of all these | येन वा - yena vā - by whom | रूपम् पश्यति - rūpam paśyati - one seeth the forms | येन वा - yena vā - or by whom | शव्दम् शृणोति - śavdam śṛṇoti - one heareth the sounds | येन वा - yena vā - or by whom | गन्धान् आजिघ्रति - gandhān ājighrati - one smelleth all kinds of perfume | येन वा - yena vā - or by whom | वाचम् व्याकरोति - vācam vyākaroti - one uttereth clearness of speech | येन वा - yena vā - or by whom | स्वादु च अस्वादु च - svādu ca asvādu ca - the sweet and bitter | विजानाति - vijānāti - one knoweth | He who had known thus (had) become identified with the Supreme, and attained all desirable things (even here); and having (then) ascended higher up after the destruction of the body, he became immortal, in the world of the Self. He became immortal.
कौन है यह 'परमात्म-चैतन्य' जिसकी हम उपासना करें? तथा इन सब में कौन-सा है 'परमात्म-चैतन्य'? जिसके द्वारा मनुष्य देखता है, जिसके द्वारा वह सुनता है, जिसके द्वारा वह हर प्रकार की गन्ध को सूँघता है अथवा जिसके द्वारा वह वाणी को स्पष्टतया उच्चारित करता है अथवा जिसके द्वारा वह मधुर अथवा कटु स्वादों को जानता है।
Verse २
यदेतद्धृदयं मनश्चैतत्।संज्ञानमाज्ञानं विज्ञानं प्रज्ञानं मेधा दृष्टिधृ।र्तिमतिर्मनीषा जूतिः स्मृतिः संकल्पः क्रतुरसुः कामो वश इति।सर्वाण्येवैतानि प्रज्ञानस्य नामधेयानि भवंति ॥
yadetaddhṛdayaṁ manaścaitat |saṁjñānamājñānaṁ vijñānaṁ prajñānaṁ medhā dṛṣṭidhṛ|rtimatirmanīṣā jūtiḥ smṛtiḥ saṁkalpaḥ kraturasuḥ kāmo vaśa iti |sarvāṇyevaitāni prajñānasya nāmadheyāni bhavaṁti ||
This which is the heart, is mind also. Concept and will and analysis and wisdom and intellect and vision and continuity of purpose and feeling and understanding, pain and memory and volition and operation of thought and vitality and desire and passion, all these, yea all, are but names of the Eternal Wisdom. यत् एतत् हृदयम् - yat etat hṛdayam - this which is the heart | तत् मनः च - tat manaḥ ca - is mind also | सज्ञानम् - sajñānam - concept | आज्ञानम् - ājñānam - will | विज्ञानम् - vijñānam - analysis | प्रज्ञानम् - prajñānam - wisdom | मेधा - medhā - intellect | दृष्टिः - dṛṣṭiḥ - vision | धृतिः - dhṛtiḥ - continuity of purpose | मतिः - matiḥ - feeling | मनीषा - manīṣā - understanding | जूतिः - jūtiḥ - pain | स्मृतिः - smṛtiḥ - memory | सङ्कल्पः - saṅkalpaḥ - volition | क्रतुः - kratuḥ - operation of thought | असुः - asuḥ - vitality | कामः - kāmaḥ - desire | वशः - vaśaḥ - passion | इति एतानि सर्वाणि - iti etāni sarvāṇi - all these | प्रज्ञानस्व एव - prajñānasva eva - of the Eternal Wisdom | नामधेयानि भवन्ति - nāmadheyāni bhavanti - are but names | What is It that we worship as this Self? Which of the two is the Self? Is It that by which one sees, or that by which one hears, or that by which one smells odour, or that by which one utters speech, or that by which one tastes the sweet or the sour?
यह जो हृदय है, वह मन भी है। अवधारणा (संज्ञान) इच्छाशक्ति (अज्ञान) विश्लेषण (विज्ञान) प्रज्ञा (प्रज्ञान) मेधा, दृष्टि, उद्देश्य तथा भावों की निरन्तरता (धृति), मति, मनीषा, पीडा, स्मृति, संकल्प, विचारशक्ति (क्रतु), प्राण-शक्ति (असु), कामना एवं वासना, ये सभी, 'शाश्वत-प्रज्ञान' के ही विभिन्न नाम (अभिधेय) हैं।
Verse ३
एष ब्रह्मैष इन्द्र एष प्रजापतिरेते सर्वे देवा इमानि च पञ्चमहाभूतानि पृथिवी वायुराकाश आपो ज्योतींषीत्येतानीमानि च क्शुद्रमिश्राणीव।बीजानीतराणि चेतराणि चाण्डजानि च जारुजानि च स्वेदजानि चोद्भिज्जानि चाश्वा गावः पुरुषा हस्तिनो यत्किञ्चेदं प्राणि जङ्गमं च पतत्रि च यच्च स्थावरं सर्वं तत्प्रज्ञानेत्रं प्रज्ञाने प्रतिष्ठितं प्रज्ञानेत्रो लोकः प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठा प्रज्ञानं ब्रह्म ॥
eṣa brahmaiṣa indra eṣa prajāpatirete sarve devā imāni ca pañcamahābhūtāni pṛthivī vāyurākāśa āpo jyotīṁṣītyetānīmāni ca kśudramiśrāṇīva |bījānītarāṇi cetarāṇi cāṇḍajāni ca jārujāni ca svedajāni codbhijjāni cāśvā gāvaḥ puruṣā hastino yatkiñcedaṁ prāṇi jaṅgamaṁ ca patatri ca yacca sthāvaraṁ sarvaṁ tatprajñānetraṁ prajñāne pratiṣṭhitaṁ prajñānetro lokaḥ prajñā pratiṣṭhā prajñānaṁ brahma ||
This creating Brahma; this ruling Indra; this Prajapati Father of his peoples; all these Gods and these five elemental substances, even earth, air, ether, water and the shining principles; and these great creatures and those small; and seeds of either sort; and things egg-born and things sweat-born and things born of the womb and plants that sprout; and horses and cattle and men and elephants; yea, whatsoever thing here breatheth and all that moveth and everything that hath wings and whatso moveth not; by Wisdom all these are guided and have their firm abiding in Wisdom. For Wisdom is the eye of the world, Wisdom is the sure foundation, Wisdom is Brahman Eternal. एषः ब्रह्मा - eṣaḥ brahmā - this creating Brahma | एषः इन्द्रः - eṣaḥ indraḥ - this ruling Indra | एषः प्रजापतिः - eṣaḥ prajāpatiḥ - this Prajapati Father of his peoples | एते सर्वे देवाः - ete sarve devāḥ - all these Gods | इमानि च - imāni ca - these | पृथिवी - pṛthivī - earth | वायुः - vāyuḥ - air | आकाशः - ākāśaḥ - ether | आपः - āpaḥ - water | ज्योतिंषि - jyotiṁṣi - the shining principles | इति एतानि - iti etāni - these | पञ्च महाभूतानि - pañca mahābhūtāni - five elemental substances | इमानि क्षुद्रमिश्राणि इव - imāni kṣudramiśrāṇi iva - and these great creatures and those small | इतराणि च वीजानि - itarāṇi ca vījāni - and seeds of either sort | इतराणि च - itarāṇi ca - | अण्डजानि च - aṇḍajāni ca - and things egg-born | जारुजानि च - jārujāni ca - and things born of the womb | स्वेदजानि च - svedajāni ca - and things sweat-born | उद्भिज्जानि च - udbhijjāni ca - and plants that sprout | अश्वाः - aśvāḥ - and horses | गावः - gāvaḥ - and cattle | पुरुषाः - puruṣāḥ - and men | हस्तिनः - hastinaḥ - and elephants | यत् किम् च इदम् प्राणि - yat kim ca idam prāṇi - whatsoever thing here breatheth | जङ्गमम् - jaṅgamam - and all that moveth | पतत्रि च - patatri ca - and everything that hath wings | यत् च स्थावरम् - yat ca sthāvaram - and whatso moveth not | तत् सर्वम् - tat sarvam - all these | प्रज्ञानेत्रम् - prajñānetram - by Wisdom are guided | प्रज्ञाने प्रतिष्ठितम् - prajñāne pratiṣṭhitam - having firm abiding in Wisdom | लोकः प्रज्ञानेत्रः - lokaḥ prajñānetraḥ - Wisdom is the eye of the world | प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठा - prajñā pratiṣṭhā - Wisdom is the sure foundation | प्रज्ञानम् ब्रह्म - prajñānam brahma - Wisdom is Brahman Eternal | It is this heart (intellect) and this mind that were stated earlier. It is sentience, rulership, secular knowledge, presence of mind, retentiveness, sense-perception, fortitude, thinking, genius, mental suffering, memory, ascertainment resolution, life-activities, hankering, passion and such others. All these verily are the names of Consciousness.
ये सृष्टिकर्ता ब्रह्मा, ये शासनकर्ता इन्द्र, ये समस्त प्रजा के पिता, प्रजापति; ये सब देवगण तथा ये पञ्चमहाभूत, पृथ्वी, वायु, आकाश, जल तथा ज्योतितत्त्व तक; और ये महाकाय, विशाल प्राणी तथा वे क्षुद्र, छोटे-छोटे प्राणी; और हर प्रकार के बीज, और अण्डज जीव, स्वेदजं जीव, गर्भज (जारुज) जीव, तथा सभी वनस्पतियाँ, उद्भिज (अंकुरित होने वाले पौधे), घोड़े गायें, मनुष्य, हाथी, जो कुछ भी प्राणमय है, तथा जो कुछ भी जंगम (गतिमय) है, जो कुछ भी पखोंवाला है तथा जो कुछ स्थावर (गतिहीन) है; ये सभी 'प्रज्ञान' के द्वारा संचालित हैं तथा 'प्रज्ञान' में हो सुदृढ़ रूप से प्रतिष्ठित हैं। कारण, 'प्रज्ञा' ही है लोकों का नेत्र, 'प्रज्ञा' ही है सुदृढ़ आधार (प्रतिष्ठा), 'प्रज्ञान' ही 'शाश्वत ब्रह्म' है।
Verse ४
स एतेन प्राज्ञेनाऽऽत्मनाऽस्माल्लोकादुत्क्रम्यामुष्मिन्स्वर्गे लोके सर्वान् कामानाप्त्वाऽमृतः समभवत् समभवत् ॥
sa etena prājñenā''tmanā'smāllokādutkramyāmuṣminsvarge loke sarvān kāmānāptvā'mṛtaḥ samabhavat samabhavat ||
By the strength of the wise and seeing Self the sage having soared up from this world ascended into his other world of Paradise; and there having possessed desire, put death behind him, yea, he put death behind him. एतेन प्रज्ञेन आत्मना - etena prajñena ātmanā - by the strength of the wise and seeing Self | अस्मात् लोकात् - asmāt lokāt - from this world | उत्क्रम्य - utkramya - having soared up | सर्वान् कामान् - sarvān kāmān - all desire | आप्त्वा - āptvā - having possessed | स्वर्गे लोके - svarge loke - ascended into the other world of Paradise | सः अमृतः समभवत् - saḥ amṛtaḥ samabhavat - he put death behind him | III-i-3: This One is (the inferior) Brahman; this is Indra, this is Prajapati; this is all these gods; and this is these five elements, viz. earth, air, space, water, fire; and this is all these (big creatures), together with the small ones, that are the procreators of others and referable in pairs - to wit, those that are born of eggs, of wombs, of moisture of the earth, viz. horses, cattle, men, elephants, and all the creatures that there are which move or fly and those which do not move. All these have Consciousness as the giver of their reality; all these are impelled by Consciousness; the universe has Consciousness as its eye and Consciousness is its end. Consciousness is Brahman. III-i-4: Through this Self that is Consciousness, he ascended higher up from this world, and getting all desires fulfilled in that heavenly world, he became immortal, he became immortal. Om ! May my speech be based on (i.e. accord with) the mind; May my mind be based on speech. O Self-effulgent One, reveal Thyself to me. May you both (speech and mind) be the carriers of the Veda to me. May not all that I have heard depart from me. I shall join together (i.e. obliterate the difference of) day And night through this study. I shall utter what is verbally true; I shall utter what is mentally true. May that (Brahman) protect me; May That protect the speaker (i.e. the teacher), may That protect me; May that protect the speaker - may That protect the speaker. Om ! Peace ! Peace ! Peace ! Here ends the Aitareyopanishad, as contained in the Rig-Veda.
ऋषि ने इसी प्रज्ञानस्वरूप एवं द्रष्टारूप 'आत्मा' की शक्ति से इस लोक से उत्क्रमण किया और अपने उस अन्य स्वर्ग लोक में ऊपर उठकर, वहाँ समस्त कामनाओं को प्राप्त करके मृत्यु का अतिक्रमण किया, सचमुच, उन्होंने मृत्यु का अतिक्रमण किया।