13. Atharv Veda — Kanda 13

✦ Sukta 1 · 60 verses ✦

13.1.1

उ॒देहि॑ वाजि॒न्यो अ॒प्स्व१॒॑न्तरि॒दं रा॒ष्ट्रं प्र वि॑श सू॒नृता॑वत्। यो रोहि॑तो॒ विश्व॑मि॒दं ज॒जान॒ स त्वा॑ रा॒ष्ट्राय॒ सुभृ॑तं बिभर्तु ॥

Rise, O mighty one, Vajin, who rule the people’s will at heart, and take on to the high office of this Rashtra, social order of truth, beauty and goodness, And may Rohita, the Glorious One, Lord Supreme, self- refulgent as the sun, who created and pervades the dynamics of nature and actions of humanity, sustain and support you in a state of equipoise. (The mantras in this sukta are to be interpreted in relation to the Lord Supreme, the Sun, and the ruler of the Rashtra according as the context emerges in the mantra.)

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13.1.2

उद्वाज॒ आ ग॒न्यो अ॒प्स्व१॒॑न्तर्विश॒ आ रो॑ह॒ त्वद्यो॑नयो॒ याः। सोमं॒ दधा॑नो॒ऽप ओष॑धी॒र्गाश्चतु॑ष्पदो द्वि॒पद॒ आ वे॑शये॒ह ॥

Vaja, mighty one, who is the heart core of the people’s will, has come up. O Ruler, rise as the first among these people who are your equals like brothers and sisters, and, bearing the peace and pleasures of soma for this Rashtra, settle in order the lands, cultures and traditions, the bipeds and the quadrupeds.

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13.1.3

यू॒यमु॒ग्रा म॑रुतः पृश्निमातर॒ इन्द्रे॑ण यु॒जा प्र मृ॑णीत॒ शत्रू॑न्। आ वो॒ रोहि॑तः शृणवत्सुदानवस्त्रिष॒प्तासो॑ मरुतः स्वादुसंमुदः ॥

You brave and stormy Marut warriors, children of the colourful earth, friends and associates of Indra, ruler and commander of the fighting forces, crush the enemies of life and humanity. And may Rohita, Lord ruler Supreme, listen to you, Maruts, generous givers, warriors of thrice seven orders, creative participants in the inspiring congregation of the defence of motherland.

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13.1.4

रुहो॑ रुरोह॒ रोहि॑त॒ आ रु॑रोह॒ गर्भो॒ जनी॑नां ज॒नुषा॑मु॒पस्थ॑म्। ताभिः॒ संर॑ब्ध॒मन्व॑विन्द॒न्षडु॒र्वीर्गा॒तुं प्र॒पश्य॑न्नि॒ह रा॒ष्ट्रमाहाः॑ ॥

Rohita, ruler of blazing glory like the sun, has risen and presides over the new developments and, like a child, wins the affection of the mother powers of the nation. So loved by the people, the wide earthly realm of six directions welcomes him who, then, watching the future paths of progress, rules over the social order.

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13.1.5

आ ते॑ रा॒ष्ट्रमि॒ह रोहि॑तोऽहार्षी॒द्व्या᳡स्थ॒न्मृधो॒ अभ॑यं ते अभूत्। तस्मै॑ ते द्यावापृथि॒वी रे॒वती॑भिः॒ कामं॑ दुहाथामि॒ह शक्व॑रीभिः ॥

O man, it is the ruler refulgent as the sun who has brought the organised order of the Rashtra for you here on earth, removed the violent away, and consequently there is freedom from fear all round. May the heaven and earth with generous showers of divine power and favour bless you with fulfilment of your desires and ambitions.

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13.1.6

रोहि॑तो॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी ज॑जान॒ तत्र॒ तन्तुं॑ परमे॒ष्ठी त॑तान। तत्र॑ शिश्रिये॒ऽज एक॑पा॒दोऽदृं॑ह॒द्द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी बले॑न ॥

O man, O ruler, Rohita, self-refulgent lord creator, brought the heaven and earth into being. Therein Parameshthi Prajapati, lord of life and living beings, evolved and extended the web of life. There pervaded and abided the eternal, unborn, sole self-sustained lord divine Aja and firmed up the heaven and earth in space.

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13.1.7

रोहि॑तो॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॑दृंह॒त्तेन॒ स्व᳡ स्तभि॒तं तेन॒ नाकः॑। तेना॒न्तरि॑क्षं॒ विमि॑ता॒ रजां॑सि॒ तेन॑ दे॒वा अ॒मृत॒मन्व॑विन्दन् ॥

Rohita, self-refulgent lord creator, fixed and firmed the heaven and earth in orbit. It is by him the heaven of bliss is sustained, by him are the middle regions and space comprehended, and by him the divine sages attain the immortal nectar of bliss.

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13.1.8

वि रोहि॑तो अमृशद्वि॒श्वरू॑पं समाकुर्वा॒णः प्र॒रुहो॒ रुह॑श्च। दिवं॑ रू॒ढ्वा म॑ह॒ता म॑हि॒म्ना सं ते॑ रा॒ष्ट्रम॑नक्तु॒ पय॑सा घृ॒तेन॑ ॥

Self-manifested Rohita, self-refulgent creator, having integrated the emerging and evolving materials of nature, reflected on the blue-print of the universe from the beginning to the end. May the Lord, having ascended to the highest heaven with his greatness, bless your dominion with milk and ghrta to the full.

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13.1.9

यास्ते॒ रुहः॑ प्र॒रुहो॒ यास्त॑ आ॒रुहो॒ याभि॑रापृ॒णासि॒ दिव॑म॒न्तरि॑क्षम्। तासां॒ ब्रह्म॑णा॒ पय॑सा वावृधा॒नो वि॒शि रा॒ष्ट्रे जा॑गृहि॒ रोहि॑तस्य ॥

O Lord self-refulgent, all your evolutions of nature, all forms of nourishment and energy, all forms of development and progress with which you fill and overflow heaven and earth, are for the children of your creation. O sun, O ruler, O man, growing and rising with this nectar milk and divine message of theirs, keep awake and alert in the dominion and human community of Rohita, Lord Refulgent, the sun and the ruler.

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13.1.10

यास्ते॒ विश॒स्तप॑सः संबभू॒वुर्व॒त्सं गा॑य॒त्रीमनु॒ ता इ॒हागुः॑। तास्त्वा॑ विशन्तु॒ मन॑सा शि॒वेन॒ संमा॑ता व॒त्सो अ॒भ्ये᳡तु॒ रोहि॑तः ॥

O Ruler, your people, who have risen to a developed state of culture and education in life through austere discipline and have attained their present status in pursuance of Gayatri and the divine message of Gayatri, may, we pray, through their peaceful mind and mother Gayatri, win your love and confidence with loyalty, and may Rohita, self-refulgent lord, cherished worship of Gayatri, bless them with love and favour in real presence.

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13.1.11

ऊ॒र्ध्वो रोहि॑तो॒ अधि॒ नाके॑ अस्था॒द्विश्वा॑ रू॒पाणि॑ ज॒नय॒न्युवा॑ क॒विः। ति॒ग्मेना॒ग्निर्ज्योति॑षा॒ वि भा॑ति तृ॒तीये॑ चक्रे॒ रज॑सि प्रि॒याणि॑ ॥

Rohita, lord supreme over all, abides in the highest state of bliss in existence. He, ever young beyondage, omniscient poetic creator, creates and shapes all forms of the universe. With fiery splendour of divinity, he shines in the highest heaven of Satya and Sattva beyond darkness and opacity, and creates, shapes and moves the dearest and most glorious objects in nature and humanity.

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13.1.12

स॒हस्र॑शृङ्गो वृष॒भो जा॒तवे॑दा घृ॒ताहु॑तः॒ सोम॑पृष्ठः सु॒वीरः॑। मा मा॑ हासीन्नाथि॒तो नेत्त्वा॒ जहा॑नि गोपो॒षं च॑ मे वीरपो॒षं च॑ धेहि ॥

Lord of infinite rays of radiant light, giver of abundant showers of vitality and divine bliss, pervading, knowing and watching every thing in existence, served and worshipped with oblations of ghrta, seat as well as sustainer of peace and divine joy, holily most potent, may, I pray, never forsake me, nor must I, O Lord, ever turn off from you. Give me wealth of lands, cows and culture, bless me with strength and sensitivity of mind and senses, a strong community of the brave all round, and a long line of progeny worthy of the brave.

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13.1.13

रोहि॑तो य॒ज्ञस्य॑ जनि॒ता मुखं॑ च॒ रोहि॑ताय वा॒चा श्रोत्रे॑ण॒ मन॑सा जुहोमि। रोहि॑तं दे॒वा य॑न्ति सुमन॒स्यमा॑नाः॒ स मा॒ रोहैः॑ सामि॒त्यै रो॑हयतु ॥

Rohita, self-refulgent lord of glory as the Sun, is the originator and the original voice of creative and karmic yajna. I offer oblations of homage to Rohita in yajna with words while I chant the sacred mantras, with my mind while I meditate on the divine presence. Sages of divine mind and spirit, happy at heart, rise and reach the divine light and presence of Rohita. May the same lord of the creative yajna of evolution and social progress raise me with steady steps of elevation of my body, mind and soul to join and contribute my yajnic part in the assembly and other important congregations for the progress of humanity.

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13.1.14

रोहि॑तो य॒ज्ञं व्य᳡दधाद्वि॒श्वक॑र्मणे॒ तस्मा॒त्तेजां॒स्युप॑ मे॒मान्यागुः॑। वो॒चेयं॑ ते॒ नाभिं॒ भुव॑न॒स्याधि॑ म॒ज्मनि॑ ॥

Vishvakarma with his divine vibration of thought sankalpa initiated the cosmic yajna of creative evolution. Mother Nature with divine pervasion, Rohita, the sun, and the ruler organise and extend the yajna of natural and social evolution onwards in the service of the lord supreme, Vishvakarma. From that yajna and this extension come to me all these brilliant gifts of light, comfort and dignity. O lord, O sun, O rulers, in this grand spectacle of existence from the macrocosmic to the microcosmic dynamics of yajna, I sing and celebrate your basic and central glory and majesty.

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13.1.15

आ त्वा॑ रुरोह बृह॒त्यु॒त प॒ङ्क्तिरा क॒कुब्वर्च॑सा जातवेदः। आ त्वा॑ रुरोहोष्णिहाक्ष॒रो व॑षट्का॒र आ त्वा॑ रुरोह॒ रोहि॑तो॒ रेत॑सा स॒ह ॥

O Jataveda, lord all-pervasive and omniscient, hymns of the Veda in Brhati metre, in Pankti, in Kakup, all with their divine beauty and grace rise to you in homage and celebrate your glory. So do Ushnik hymns, word by word, letter by letter, rise to you and celebrate your glory. So does the Vashatkara offer you homage of celebration. And so does Rohita, the refulgent sun, with its living light and vitality, shine in celebration of your glory and rises to honour you.

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13.1.16

अ॒यं व॑स्ते॒ गर्भं॑ पृथि॒व्या दिवं॑ वस्ते॒ऽयम॒न्तरि॑क्षम्। अ॒यं ब्र॒ध्नस्य॑ वि॒ष्टपि॒ स्व᳡र्लो॒कान्व्या᳡नशे ॥

This Rohita, self-refulgent Supreme Divine pervades, energises and vitalises the earth’s womb of fertility, it pervades and illuminates the heaven and the firmament, and it pervades and divinizes the highest regions of bliss on top of the regions of the sun.

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13.1.17

वाच॑स्पते पृथि॒वी नः॑ स्यो॒ना स्यो॒ना योनि॒स्तल्पा॑ नः सु॒शेवा॑। इ॒हैव प्रा॒णः स॒ख्ये नो॑ अस्तु॒ तं त्वा॑ परमेष्ठि॒न्पर्य॒ग्निरायु॑षा॒ वर्च॑सा दधातु ॥

O Vachaspati, lord of divine speech, let the earth be kind and pleasant to us, let the bed be comfortable and restful for us, let the home be full of peace and joy. Here itself let pranic energy be friendly and energising for us. O Lord Supreme, let Agni, leading light of life, hold on to you with all his brilliance and do you homage with th dedication of his life and work.

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13.1.18

वाच॑स्पत ऋ॒तवः॒ पञ्च॒ ये नौ॑ वैश्वकर्म॒णाः परि॒ ये सं॑बभू॒वुः। इ॒हैव प्रा॒णः स॒ख्ये नो॑ अस्तु॒ तं त्वा॑ परमेष्ठि॒न्परि॒ रोहि॑त॒ आयु॑षा॒ वर्च॑सा दधातु ॥

O Vachaspati, lord of divine speech, let the five seasons, shaped by Vishvakarma, maker of the universe, with five elements, which affect us all round, be good and favourable to us ruler and the people. Throughout these seasons here, let pranic energy too be friendly and energising for us. O Lord Supreme, let the brilliant ruler, Rohita, as the refulgent sun, hold on to you with all his splendour and do you homage with the dedication of his life. (Of the seasons, shishir and hemanta may be taken as one, the cold season.)

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13.1.19

वाच॑स्पते सौमन॒सं मन॑श्च गो॒ष्ठे नो॒ गा ज॒नय॒ योनि॑षु प्र॒जाः। इ॒हैव प्रा॒णः स॒ख्ये नो॑ अस्तु॒ तं त्वा॑ परमेष्ठि॒न्पर्य॒हमायु॑षा॒ वर्च॑सा दधामि ॥

O Vachaspati, lord of divine speech, let our mind be noble and cheerful with good intentions and will. Let noble speech be generated in our assemblies. Let noble children be born in our families, and fertile cows be produced in our stalls and meadows. Here itself let pranic energy be favourable and friendly for us. O Lord Supreme, I, the ruler as well as the individual, dedicate myself to you with all my power and intelligence for all my life time.

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13.1.20

परि॑ त्वा धात्सवि॒ता दे॒वो अ॒ग्निर्वर्च॑सा मि॒त्रावरु॑णाव॒भि त्वा॑। सर्वा॒ अरा॑तीरव॒क्राम॒न्नेही॒दं रा॒ष्ट्रम॑करः सु॒नृता॑वत् ॥

O man, O ruler, may self-refulgent Savita, creator and inspirer lord divine, protect, inspire and sustain you all round. May Agni, light and fire of life, bless you with valour, passion and splendour. Let Mitra and Varuna, prana and apana energies with love and judgement, with enthusiasm, maintain you with wisdom and vitality. Let all adversities and deprivations be far out of the commonwealth of humanity. And may you thus make the dominion a social embodiment of truth and law of freedom and conscience under the divine umbrella.

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13.1.21

यं त्वा॒ पृष॑ती॒ रथे॒ प्रष्टि॒र्वह॑ति रोहित। शु॒भा या॑सि रि॒णन्न॒पः ॥

O Rohita, O Ruler, O man, whom the leading creative and dynamic forces of the nation exalt and advance in the dominion like a leading team of horse driving the ruler’s chariot onwart, you move forward, higher and higher, along auspicious lines, releasing streams of energy and action on the national scale and leaving a glorious trail of progress and prosperity behind.

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13.1.22

अनु॑व्रता॒ रोहि॑णी॒ रोहि॑तस्य सू॒रिः सु॒वर्णा॑ बृह॒ती सु॒वर्चाः॑। तया॒ वाजा॑न्वि॒श्वरू॑पां जयेम॒ तया॒ विश्वाः॒ पृत॑ना अ॒भि ष्या॑म ॥

Rohini committed to Rohita, Prakrti committed to Parameshvara, nation committed to the ruler, woman committed to the head of the family, these are brave and inspiring, noble in form and performance, far and wide across lands and spaces, brilliantly wise and valorous. By these, let us accomplish the war-like programmes of national development of all forms and hues, let us win over all battle forces of life in the world against the adversaries of negative character.

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13.1.23

इ॒दं सदो॒ रोहि॑णी॒ रोहि॑तस्या॒सौ पन्थाः॒ पृष॑ती॒ येन॒ याति॑। तां ग॑न्ध॒र्वाः क॒श्यपा॒ उन्न॑यन्ति॒ तां र॑क्षन्ति क॒वयोऽप्र॑मादम् ॥

This house of the people is the ruling leader’s seat of power, and this people’s power, Rohini, is the real strength and foundation of the ruler, and that policy and programme decided in the house is the path by which the leading power of the nation advances to progress and achievement. And this leading power of the nation, the people and the policy, Gandharvas, sagely scholars of divine speech, and Kashyapas, enlightened leaders of the nation, preserve in tradition and raise higher, and that very culture, character and tradition, poets and artists celebrate, protect and promote, continuously, without relent and doubt or question.

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13.1.24

सूर्य॒स्याश्वा॒ हर॑यः केतु॒मन्तः॒ सदा॑ वहन्त्य॒मृताः॑ सु॒खं रथ॑म्। घृ॑त॒पावा॒ रोहि॑तो॒ भ्राज॑मानो॒ दिवं॑ दे॒वः पृष॑ती॒मा वि॑वेश ॥

Just as the radiant light-horses of the sun’s chariot, nectarous flag-bearers of solar power, draw on the comfortable chariot of the sun, and the sun, Rohita, generous and refulgent, vests the light rays and pervades the heavenly regions, sprinkling the earth from there with the ghrta of energy and heat of life, so do the people, policies and programmes of the nation, radiant flag bearers and motive forces of the social order and the rule of governance, always draw the nation’s chariot of peace and nectarous glory without relent, and the ruling leader, nation’s genius, blazing in majesty, generous and creative, sprinkling the earth with ghrta showers of peace and prosperity, pervades, informs and inspires the nation and her children with the pride and dignity of enlightened Being.

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13.1.25

यो रोहि॑तो वृष॒भस्ति॒ग्मशृ॑ङ्गः॒ पर्य॒ग्निं परि॒ सूर्यं॑ ब॒भूव॑। यो वि॑ष्ट॒भ्नाति॑ पृथि॒वीं दिवं॑ च॒ तस्मा॑द्दे॒वा अधि॒ सृष्टीः॑ सृजन्ते ॥

Rohita, self-refulgent lord supreme of infinite rays of light, most potent and generous, who rules over the fire and the sun, who sustains heaven and earth, is he, from whose power and inspiration the divine forces of nature and brilliant creative human geniuses create and shape the many forms of existence, art and science.

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13.1.26

रोहि॑तो॒ दिव॒मारु॑हन्मह॒तः पर्य॑र्ण॒वात्। सर्वो॑ रुरोह॒ रोहि॑तो॒ रुहः॑ ॥

Rohita, refulgent sun, evolving from the mighty ocean of particles, rose to heaven, and all-creative Lord Self-refulgent, Supreme Rohita, pervades and transcends over all emergent forms of existence.

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13.1.27

वि मि॑मीष्व॒ पय॑स्वतीं घृ॒ताचीं॑ दे॒वानां॑ धे॒नुरन॑पस्पृगे॒षा। इन्द्रः॒ सोमं॑ पिबतु॒ क्षेमो॑ अस्त्व॒ग्निः प्र स्तौ॑तु॒ वि मृधो॑ नुदस्व ॥

O man, O scholar, O ruler, this earth, this nature, is the sacred cow of the Divinities. Study it, know it, measure it for your purpose, it is overflowing with water, milk and ghrta. Let Indra, the ruler and the nation of humanity, drink the nectar soma of her gifts. Let Agni, the leading scholar, study and describe it with praise and exaltation. O man, drive out all enemies opposotions, polluters and destroyers of earth and the environment.

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13.1.28

समि॑द्धो अ॒ग्निः स॑मिधा॒नो घृ॒तवृ॑द्धो घृ॒ताहु॑तः। अ॑भी॒षाड् वि॑श्वा॒षाड॒ग्निः स॒पत्ना॑न्हन्तु॒ ये मम॑ ॥

Let Agni, the ruler, the leading lights of life, the fire of life and passion for purity, lighted up, fed with ghrta, raised up in flames, burning and blazing challenger, all evil destroyer, throw out and destroy all those negativities that are our enemies.

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13.1.29

हन्त्वे॑ना॒न्प्र द॑ह॒त्वरि॒र्यो नः॑ पृत॒न्यति॑। क्र॒व्यादा॒ग्निना॑ व॒यं स॒पत्ना॒न्प्र द॑हामसि ॥

Let Agni, ruling light and fire, burn off these enemies, burn whoever the enemy that attacks us with a fighting force. We burn the destructive enemies and adversaries with deathly fire.

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13.1.30

अ॑वा॒चीना॒नव॑ ज॒हीन्द्र॒ वज्रे॑ण बाहु॒मान्। अधा॑ स॒पत्ना॑न्माम॒कान॒ग्नेस्तेजो॑भि॒रादि॑षि ॥

Indra, ruling power and defence force armed with thunder, throw down and destroy the enemies with the strike of thunderbolt. And I too subdue and control my fighting adversaries with the heat and blaze of fire.

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13.1.31

अग्ने॑ स॒पत्ना॒नध॑रान्पादया॒स्मद्व्य॒थया॑ सजा॒तमु॒त्पिपा॑नं बृहस्पते। इन्द्रा॑ग्नी॒ मित्रा॑वरुणा॒वध॑रे पद्यन्ता॒मप्र॑तिमन्यूयमानाः ॥

O Agni, ruling and fighting force of fire, throw down and crush our destructive adversaries. O Brhaspati, lord of divine speech and wisdom, bring to naught the rebellious rivals even in our own ranks. O Indragni, ruling power and leading light of humanity, O Mitra and Varuna, powers of love and judgement, let our enemies fall down, their ambition, anger and enmity turned futile.

· · ·

13.1.32

उ॒द्यंस्त्वं दे॑व सूर्य स॒पत्ना॒नव॑ मे जहि। अवै॑ना॒नश्म॑ना जहि॒ ते य॑न्त्वध॒मं तमः॑ ॥

O refulgent sun, brilliant ruler, rising in power and justice, eliminate our destructive rivals and adversaries. Destroy these enemies with the arms of thunder. Let them fall to deepest darkness and oblivion.

· · ·

13.1.33

व॒त्सो वि॒राजो॑ वृष॒भो म॑ती॒नामा रु॑रोह शु॒क्रपृ॑ष्ठो॒ऽन्तरि॑क्षम्। घृ॒तेना॒र्कम॒भ्य᳡र्चन्ति व॒त्सं ब्रह्म॒ सन्तं॒ ब्रह्म॑णा वर्धयन्ति ॥

Darling child of the cosmic mother form, mighty virile and generous, firmly based in light and purity, rises on top of the firmament and moves to the heart and love of the sagely wise. Sages and people do homage with ghrta to the adorable darling of their love, and mighty great as he is, highest among humanity, they exalt him with hymns of the Veda.

· · ·

13.1.34

दिवं॑ च॒ रोह॑ पृथि॒वीं च॑ रोह रा॒ष्ट्रं च॒ रोह॒ द्रवि॑णं च रोह। प्र॒जां च॒ रोहा॒मृतं॑ च रोह॒ रोहि॑तेन त॒न्वं१॒॑ सं स्पृ॑शस्व ॥

O Ruler, O ruling spirit of man, enlightened soul, rise to the heaven, rise and win over the earth, rise and rule over the dominion, rise, attain and rule over the knowledge, power and wealth of the world, rise and raise a noble family, rise and have a taste of the ecstasy of immortality, and with a union of the self with the light of eternity be free beyond mortality.

· · ·

13.1.35

ये दे॒वा रा॑ष्ट्र॒भृतो॒ऽभितो॒ यन्ति॒ सूर्य॑म्। तैष्टे॒ रोहि॑तः संविदा॒नो रा॒ष्ट्रं द॑धातु सुमन॒स्यमा॑नः ॥

Those divine souls who are brilliant and generous and all round rise to the sun without reservation are sustainers and burden-bearers of the social order. Let Rohita, the ruler, happy and noble at heart, knowing, meeting and winning their cooperation, rule and maintain the governance and administration of the social order.

· · ·

13.1.36

उत्त्वा॑ य॒ज्ञा ब्रह्म॑पूता वहन्त्यध्व॒गतो॒ हर॑यस्त्वा वहन्ति। ति॒रः स॑मु॒द्रमति॑ रोचसेऽर्ण॒वम् ॥

O Rohita, divine spirit of man, brilliant ruler, the yajnas sanctified by Veda and blest by Divinity raise you high. Purified senses, mind and intelligence, noble sages on the path divine, all take you forward, thereby you cross the earthly sea and spatial ocean and shine beyond in the light of Divinity.

· · ·

13.1.37

रोहि॑ते॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अधि॑ श्रि॒ते व॑सु॒जिति॑ गो॒जिति॑ संधना॒जिति॑। स॒हस्रं॒ यस्य॒ जनि॑मानि स॒प्त च॑ वो॒चेयं॑ ते॒ नाभिं॒ भुव॑न॒स्याधि॑ म॒ज्मनि॑ ॥

Heaven and earth are sustained in Rohita, self- refulgent Brahma, supreme ruler over living planets, stars and galaxies, and master of the entire wealth of matter, energy and intelligence in existence. Thousands are his created forms of life, seven the orders of universe, in the midst of the dynamics of which and over the farthest borders of which, the ruling lord is Brahma. Of that Lord and Master, of that centre-hold of existence, immanent and transcendent in and over all, I sing, That I celebrate.

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13.1.38

य॒शा या॑सि प्र॒दिशो॒ दिश॑श्च य॒शाः प॑शू॒नामु॒त च॑र्षणी॒नाम्। य॒शाः पृ॑थि॒व्या अदि॑त्या उ॒पस्थे॒ऽहं भू॑यासं सवि॒तेव॒ चारुः॑ ॥

O Sun, honoured and adored, you sojourn over and across space and sub-spaces in all directions and subdirections. Honoured and adored, you vibrate among living beings and moving humanity. O Lord Supreme, I pray, let me too, like the sun, with honour and fame, be loved and esteemed in the lap of mother earth and the imperishable Prakrti.

· · ·

13.1.39

अ॒मुत्र॒ सन्नि॒ह वे॑त्थे॒तः संस्तानि॑ पश्यसि। इ॒तः प॑श्यन्ति रोच॒नं दि॒वि सूर्यं॑ विप॒श्चित॑म् ॥

O Lord Supreme, O Sun, being there you know, see and illuminate every thing here, and being here, you know and see every thing there. The wise sages, however, from here only, see and realise the refulgent Sun, omniscient and illuminant, there in the heaven of light.

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13.1.40

दे॒वो दे॒वान्म॑र्चयस्य॒न्तश्च॑रस्यर्ण॒वे। स॑मा॒नम॒ग्निमि॑न्धते॒ तं वि॑दुः क॒वयः॒ परे॑ ॥

The supreme self-refulgent Brahma moves, illuminates and reveals the divine gifts of Its potential, Prakrti, and pervades and rolls in the bottomless ocean of existence. Poets and creative visionaries of the highest order know and realise that Brahma who also kindles the fire and the sun, his version in reflection, akin.

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13.1.41

अ॒वः परे॑ण प॒र ए॒नाव॑रेण प॒दा व॒त्सं बिभ्र॑ती॒ गौरुद॑स्थात्। सा क॒द्रीची॒ कं स्वि॒दर्धं॒ परा॑गा॒त्क्व᳡ स्वित्सूते न॒हि यू॒थे अ॒स्मिन् ॥

Bearing this lower, tangible form of existential reality by that higher intangible presence of essential Reality by immanence, and bearing that higher, intangible presence of essential Reality by this lower, tangible form of existential reality by reflection, the Gau (‘Cow’, Prakrti, Divine Speech) yet rises above the expressive medium of form. Where from does it come? To which self-sufficient, self-existent presence and power does it retire? Where at all in the created world of existence does it abide? Not, of course, in the multitude of humanity. (Shvetashvatara Upanishad (1, 7) describes the ultimate Reality as Brahma which comprises a threefold self-existent trinity of Ishvara, jiva and Prakrti. Brhadaranyaka Upanishad (2, 3, 1) describes the existential version of Brahma as twofold: Murtta (con- crete), and Amurtta (abstract). The existential Tapas (acti-vity) of Brahma is articulated in Rgveda, 10, 190, 1-3. The existential Tapas starts with divine self- awareness: ‘I am Brahma’ (Brhadaranyaka Upanishad, 1, 4, 10). It moves to thought and desire with the divine intention, Sankalpa, to create the many forms of existence (Ibid. 1, 4, 17). The existential extentional activity then is: awareness, thought, and form. Thought is abstract (Amurtta), and form is concrete (Murtta). The Amurtta-and-Murtta expresses itself through two media: Prakrti and Speech. The concrete prakrtic form is the universe, the tangible speech form is Veda. Prakrti bears this universe by the self-conscious presence of That Brahma through Its immanence; and it bears that Brahma by this universe through Its reflection in the universe. So the concrete, tangible, universe is a reflection of Brahma, and Brahma is the abstract Spirit of the universe. Prakrti is the medium in both cases, and still Prakrti transcends the universe, its concrete mode, just as Brahma transcends its immanence as well as its reflection in the universe. Similarly speech is the medium of divine Brahma-awareness, and Veda is the articulation, in speech form, of that awareness. Speech is the medium in both cases, of awareness and of the articulation. And still Speech transcends the Veda, its tangible form, as awareness transcends the expression in words and Brahma transcends Its immanence and reflection in the universe. For futher thought, deep reflection on Jagad Brahma and Shabda-Brahma is suggested.)

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13.1.42

एक॑पदी द्वि॒पदी॒ सा चतु॑ष्पद्य॒ष्टाप॑दी॒ नव॑पदी बभू॒वुषी॑। स॒हस्रा॑क्षरा॒ भुव॑नस्य प॒ङ्क्तिस्तस्याः॑ समु॒द्रा अधि॒ वि क्ष॑रन्ति ॥

This speech, the holy ‘Cow’, evolves, corresponding to the evolution of Prakrti and life, by one step, two steps, four steps, eight steps, nine steps, and still evolves over many more. It evolves over a thousand imperishable elements in correspondence with the evolution of the universe and the interaction of humanity and its environment. From this as from Prakrti flow out oceans, oceans of existence and treasures of knowledge of infinite divine awareness, words and meanings.

(The steps of the evolution of Prakrti, as those of corresponding speech, are to be worked out from Mahat, the first existential mode of indescribable Prakrti, to the two, Mahat and Ahankara, then to four, Mahat, Ahankara, Tanmatras and mind-sense complex, then to eight, five gross elements from ether to earth, herbs, food, and vitality, and then to nine, extending to the evolution of life forms. Another suggestion is: One, Prakrti, two, Prakrti and Purusha; four, mana, buddhi, chitta and ahankara (mind, intelligence, memory and I-sense or sense of identity); eight, the eight chakras or centres of vital energy and awareness; and nine, the ‘nine-door’ entrances and exits of the human bodily system. Sahasrakshara Pankti is the boundless expansion of galaxies, stars and planets and the corrosponding words of speech.)

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13.1.43

आ॒रोह॒न्द्याम॒मृतः॒ प्राव॑ मे॒ वचः॑। उत्त्वा॑ य॒ज्ञा ब्रह्म॑पूता वहन्त्यध्व॒गतो॒ हर॑यस्त्वा वहन्ति ॥

Lord Immortal and Eternal, rising and refulgent in the heavenly regions of light, may, I pray, listen, honour and justify my words of prayer which, O Lord, these yajnic performances sanctified by Vedic hymns carry to you as rays of the sun on their destined course conduct the light to the world.

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13.1.44

वेद॒ तत्ते॑ अमर्त्य॒ यत्त॑ आ॒क्रम॑णं दि॒वि। यत्ते॑ स॒धस्थं॑ पर॒मे व्यो᳡मन् ॥

Lord of Immortality and Eternity, I know and realise your emergence and radiance in the highest region of light and your seat of presence which is in the ultimate haven of bliss.

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13.1.45

सूर्यो॒ द्यां सूर्यः॑ पृथि॒वीं सूर्य॒ आपोऽति॑ पश्यति। सूर्यो॑ भू॒तस्यैकं॒ चक्षु॒रा रु॑रोह॒ दिवं॑ म॒हीम् ॥

The Sun looks through and even beyond the highest region of light, the Sun shines over the earth and beyond, and the Sun penetrates through and beyond the waters and particles of space and the will and actions of humanity. The Sun is the one, only and unique eye of all living beings in existence, and the sun ascends to the highest heaven of space in existence.

· · ·

13.1.46

उ॒र्वीरा॑सन्परि॒धयो॒ वेदि॒र्भूमि॑रकल्पत। तत्रै॒ताव॒ग्नी आध॑त्त हि॒मं घ्रं॒सं च॒ रोहि॑तः ॥

The expansions of vast space are borders of cosmic yajna, of which the earth is formed as vedi. Thereon Rohita, Lord Supreme, the Sun, has placed these fires of cold-and-heat in creative complementarity.

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13.1.47

हि॒मं घ्रं॒सं चा॒धाय॒ यूपा॑न्कृ॒त्वा पर्व॑तान्। व॒र्षाज्या॑व॒ग्नी ई॑जाते॒ रोहि॑तस्य स्व॒र्विदः॑ ॥

Having placed the double fires of cold and heat in the earthly vedi, and having made the mountains as yajna posts of accomplishment, Rohita conducts the yajna, and the two fires, rain as medium of cold and ghrta as fuel of fire, conduct the creative yajna of Rohita, the spirit of existential bliss.

· · ·

13.1.48

स्व॒र्विदो॒ रोहि॑तस्य॒ ब्रह्म॑णा॒ग्निः समि॑ध्यते। तस्मा॑द्घ्रं॒सस्तस्मा॑द्धि॒मस्तस्मा॑द्य॒ज्ञो᳡जा॑यत ॥

The original creative fire of the existential yajna of Rohita, lord and spirit of cosmic bliss, is kindled, raised and conducted with simultaneous chant of Vedic hymns. And from that yajnic fire arises heat, thence cold, and thence arises the whole process of the yajna of creative evolution.

· · ·

13.1.49

ब्रह्म॑णा॒ग्नी वा॑वृधा॒नौ ब्रह्म॑वृद्धौ॒ ब्रह्मा॑हुतौ। ब्रह्मे॑द्धाव॒ग्नी ई॑जाते॒ रोहि॑तस्य स्व॒र्विदः॑ ॥

The complementary fires of cold and heat, called up into emergence by Brahma, kindled by Brahma, raised by Brahma and continued by Brahma with the simultaneous chant of Brahma-Veda carry on the creative evolutionary yajna of refulgent Rohita, Lord and Spirit of existential bliss.

· · ·

13.1.50

स॒त्ये अ॒न्यः स॒माहि॑तो॒ऽप्स्व१॒॑न्यः समि॑ध्यते। ब्रह्मे॑द्धाव॒ग्नी ई॑जाते॒ रोहि॑तस्य स्व॒र्विदः॑ ॥

One fire of the two is placed in truth and commitment with knowledge and faith, the other is placed in the waters, dynamics of will and action, and these two fires lighted, raised and continued by Brahma with Brahma, carry on the creative yajna of Rohita, Lord and Spirit of existential bliss.

· · ·

13.1.51

यं वातः॑ परि॒शुम्भ॑ति॒ यं वेन्द्रो॒ ब्रह्म॑ण॒स्पतिः॑। ब्रह्मे॑द्धाव॒ग्नी ई॑जाते॒ रोहि॑तस्य स्व॒र्विदः॑ ॥

That auspicious energy of cool which Vata, the wind, beatifies and empowers, and that fire which Indra, the sun, Brahmanaspati, lord of might, light and truth emblazes, these two fires, lighted and raised by Brahma, carry on the yajna of Rohita, lord and spirit of existential bliss and beauty.

· · ·

13.1.52

वेदिं॒ भूमिं॑ कल्पयि॒त्वा दिवं॑ कृ॒त्वा दक्षि॑णाम्। घ्रं॒सं तद॒ग्निं कृ॒त्वा च॒कार॒ विश्व॑मात्म॒न्वद्व॒र्षेणाज्ये॑न॒ रोहि॑तः ॥

Having made earth as vedi and heaven as dakshina, the ritual gift, and the sun as fire with its complementarity of cool such as the moon, Rohita, lord and spirit of existential beauty and bliss, made the world evolve to a living entity with a soul, with the vitality of rain and ghrta.

· · ·

13.1.53

व॒र्षमाज्यं॑ घ्रं॒सो अ॒ग्निर्वेदि॒र्भूमि॑रकल्पत। तत्रै॒तान्पर्व॑तान॒ग्निर्गी॒र्भिरू॒र्ध्वाँ अ॑कल्पयत् ॥

Agni, light of life, creator of cosmic yajna, created heat, ghrta and rain, made the earth into vedi, and, thereby on the earth, Agni created and shaped the high mountains with the chant of divine hymns of the Veda.

· · ·

13.1.54

गी॒र्भिरू॒र्ध्वान्क॑ल्पयि॒त्वा रोहि॑तो॒ भूमि॑मब्रवीत्। त्वयी॒दं सर्वं॑ जायतां॒ यद्भू॒तं यच्च॑ भा॒व्य᳡म् ॥

Having created the high mountains with the hymns of Veda, Rohita, lord of life and light, spoke to earth: On you and in you may arise the life forms of all that ever was and whatever is yet to be.

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13.1.55

स य॒ज्ञः प्र॑थ॒मो भू॒तो भव्यो॑ अजायत। तस्मा॑द्ध जज्ञ इ॒दं सर्वं॒ यत्किं चे॒दं वि॒रोच॑ते॒ रोहि॑तेन॒ ऋषि॒णाभृ॑तम् ॥

That Yajna, adorable supreme creator, first self- mainfested as all that ever was and shall be. From that arose all this that is and all that shines, sustained by omniscient creator Rohita.

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13.1.56

यश्च॒ गां प॒दा स्फु॒रति॑ प्र॒त्यङ्सूर्यं॑ च॒ मेह॑ति। तस्य॑ वृश्चामि ते॒ मूलं॒ न च्छा॒यां क॑र॒वोऽप॑रम् ॥

Whoever desecrates the Gau, the cow, the earth, the environment, Nature, the Vedic Voice, and hurts it with the foot, whoever reviles the sun in front, I dissever him, O man, from the root of life, there shall be no growth, no branch, no leaf, no shade, nothing around.

· · ·

13.1.57

यो मा॑भिच्छा॒यम॒त्येषि॒ मां चा॒ग्निं चा॑न्त॒रा। तस्य॑ वृश्चामि ते॒ मूलं॒ न च्छा॒यां क॑र॒वोऽप॑रम् ॥

And you that violate me in the shade of divinity, or stand between me and the yajnic fire, I dissever you from the root of life, there shall be no growth, no branch, no leaf, no shade, nothing around.

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13.1.58

यो अ॒द्य दे॑व सूर्य॒ त्वां च॒ मां चा॑न्त॒राय॑ति। दुः॒ष्वप्न्यं॒ तस्मि॒ञ्छम॑लं दुरि॒तानि॑ च मृज्महे ॥

O divine Sun, whoever now stands as obstruction between you and me, we cleanse him of all evil dreams, dirt and evil thought and will in him, or, otherwise, we wash ourselves of him as such.

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13.1.59

मा प्र गा॑म प॒थो व॒यं मा य॒ज्ञादि॑न्द्र सो॒मिनः॑। मान्त स्थु॑र्नो॒ अरा॑तयः ॥

O Lord, Indra, let us not deviate from the divine path, let us not forsake the divine Soma-yajna, let no negativities and deprivations be and last in us.

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13.1.60

यो य॒ज्ञस्य॑ प्र॒साध॑न॒स्तन्तु॑र्दे॒वेष्वात॑तः। तमाहु॑तमशीमहि ॥

That thread of living unity, sustainer of the yajnic web of existence, running extended throughout cosmic divinities and humanity, which is invoked, enkindled and sustained by Rohita, Lord Supreme Self-Refulgent, let us serve and sustain among ourselves and between ourselves, Mother Nature and the divine Speech.

✦ Sukta 2 · 46 verses ✦

13.2.1

उद॑स्य के॒तवो॑ दि॒वि शु॒क्रा भ्राज॑न्त ईरते। आ॑दि॒त्यस्य॑ नृ॒चक्ष॑सो॒ महि॑व्रतस्य मी॒ढुषः॑ ॥

The rays, radiations and illuminations of this Sun in high heaven, Aditya version of Imperishable Eternity, universal watchful of humanity, observant follower of the laws of cosmic divine order, potent and generous, rise on high, shine and radiate, pure, powerful and blazing in glory. (The Sun is a metaphor of Lord Supreme who is described as Aditya in Yajurveda, 32, 1, Surya in Yajurveda, 40, 8, and, Brhadaranyaka Upanishad, 3-7-9 where the metaphor is very comprehensive).

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13.2.2

दि॒शां प्र॒ज्ञानां॑ स्व॒रय॑न्तम॒र्चिषा॑ सुप॒क्षमा॒शुं प॒तय॑न्तमर्ण॒वे। स्तवा॑म॒ सूर्यं॒ भुव॑नस्य गो॒पां यो र॒श्मिभि॒र्दिश॑ आ॒भाति॒ सर्वाः॑ ॥

We celebrate in song the Sun, protector and sustainer of the world, who, with his rays, irradiates, illumines and enlightens all quarters of space, with his light he proclaims the relative position of the lighted directions, and, like a celestial bird, instantly flies over the infinite oceans of time and space (the self-refulgent lord being omnipresent and eternally existent).

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13.2.3

यत्प्राङ्प्र॒त्यङ्स्व॒धया॒ यासि॒ शीभं॒ नाना॑रूपे॒ अह॑नी॒ कर्षि॑ मा॒यया॑। तदा॑दित्य॒ महि॒ तत्ते॒ महि॒ श्रवो॒ यदेको॒ विश्वं॒ परि॒ भूम॒ जाय॑से ॥

We celebrate you, O Sun, who swiftly go over east and west by your own essential power, create different forms of day and night with your wondrous presence. And that, O Aditya, is your great glory, and that is your high renown since by your sole self you shine over the entire world.

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13.2.4

वि॑प॒श्चितं॑ त॒रणिं॒ भ्राज॑मानं॒ वह॑न्ति॒ यं ह॒रितः॑ स॒प्त ब॒ह्वीः। स्रु॒ताद्यमत्त्रि॒र्दिव॑मुन्नि॒नाय॒ तं त्वा॑ पश्यन्ति परि॒यान्त॑मा॒जिम् ॥

We celebrate the Sun, all-watching, all saving, glorious blazing, whom seven abundant lights irradiate over all quarters of space, whom Attri, Lord omnipotent, free from the three limitations of space, time and mutability, raised from the cosmic ocean of particles to heaven, where, O refulgent Sun, people see you moving in your orbit, victorious in your warlike mission.

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13.2.5

मा त्वा॑ दभन्परि॒यान्त॑मा॒जिं स्व॒स्ति दु॒र्गाँ अति॑ याहि॒ शीभ॑म्। दिवं॑ च सूर्य पृथि॒वीं च॑ दे॒वीम॑होरा॒त्रे वि॒मिमा॑नो॒ यदेषि॑ ॥

Let no one stop you on your course, going on your mission. Go on fast, O Sun, and win your castles of victory peacefully for the good of life, you that go on counting over days and nights, shining over heaven and the heavenly earth.

· · ·

13.2.6

स्व॒स्ति ते॑ सूर्य च॒रसे॒ रथा॑य॒ येनो॒भावन्तौ॑ परि॒यासि॑ स॒द्यः। यं ते॒ वह॑न्ति ह॒रितो॒ वहि॑ष्ठाः श॒तमश्वा॒ यदि॑ वा स॒प्त ब॒ह्वीः ॥

O Sun, all well for your moving chariot by which you relentlessly go over both the bounds of your orbit. All well for you whom your varied lights of a hundred horse-power or, may be, seven abundant lights, transport on the way across space.

· · ·

13.2.7

सु॒खं सू॑र्य॒ रथ॑मंशु॒मन्तं॑ स्यो॒नं सु॒वह्नि॒मधि॑ तिष्ठ वा॒जिन॑म्। यं ते॒ वह॑न्ति ह॒रितो॒ वहि॑ष्ठाः श॒तमश्वा॒ यदि॑ वा स॒प्त ब॒ह्वीः ॥

O Sun, ascend the chariot, comfortable, bright, beautiful, mighty powerful and exceedingly fast. And all well for you whom your varied lights of a hundred horse-power or, say, seven abundant lights irradiate on way across the world.

· · ·

13.2.8

स॒प्त सूर्यो॑ ह॒रितो॒ यात॑वे॒ रथे॒ हिर॑ण्यत्वचसो बृह॒तीर॑युक्त। अमो॑चि शु॒क्रो रज॑सः प॒रस्ता॑द्वि॒धूय॑ दे॒वस्तमो॒ दिव॒मारु॑हत् ॥

The sun has yoked seven varied mighty radiant lights of golden hue to its chariot to move on..Pure, powerful and bright, it dispels darkness far off beyond the earth and its atmosphere and, having left it there, rises high to the Zenith in heaven.

· · ·

13.2.9

उत्के॒तुना॑ बृह॒ता दे॒व आग॒न्नपा॑वृ॒क्तमो॒ऽभि ज्योति॑रश्रैत्। दि॒व्यः सु॑प॒र्णः स वी॒रो व्य᳡ख्य॒ददि॑तेः पु॒त्रो भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ ॥

The divine Sun has come and risen with mighty expansive light. It has dispelled the darkness and now, abundant as it is with light, it diffuses the rays. The refulgent child of imperishable mother Nature, brave celestial bird of radiant wings, now illuminates all the worlds of the universe.

· · ·

13.2.10

उ॒द्यन्र॒श्मीना त॑नुषे॒ विश्वा॑ रु॒पाणि॑ पुष्यसि। उ॒भा स॑मु॒द्रौ क्रतु॑ना॒ वि भा॑सि॒ सर्वां॑ल्लो॒कान्प॑रि॒भूर्भ्राज॑मानः ॥

Rising, O divine Sun, you spread the rays of light and nourish all forms of life with energy and pranic vitality. Lord over all, shining with self-refulgence and acts of divinity, you enlighten the people and all regions of the world and vest both oceans of earth and sky with splendour.

· · ·

13.2.11

पूर्वाप॒रं च॑रतो मा॒ययै॒तौ शिशू॒ क्रीड॑न्तौ॒ परि॑ यातोऽर्ण॒वम्। विश्वा॒न्यो भुव॑ना वि॒चष्टे॑ हैर॒ण्यैर॒न्यं ह॒रितो॑ वहन्ति ॥

These two children of Nature, sun and the moon, playing, shining and moving one after the other, by the mysterious power and law of Divinity, range over the depth and vastness of the spatial ocean. One of them, the sun, watches and illuminates all regions of the world, and the other, the moon, radiations of the sun bear and carry with their golden beams.

· · ·

13.2.12

दि॒वि त्वात्त्रि॑रधारय॒त्सूर्या॒ मासा॑य॒ कर्त॑वे। स ए॑षि॒ सुधृ॑त॒स्तप॒न्विश्वा॑ भू॒ताव॒चाक॑शत् ॥

O sun, the Lord Supreme, Attri, above threefold limitations of time, space and mutability, placed you high in heaven for the division of time into year and months in relation to earth and moon in motion. There placed accurately in position and well borne in law, shining, irradiating and blazing, watching and illuminating all forms of existence, you go on in your fixed orbit, giving them their warmth of life.

· · ·

13.2.13

उ॒भावन्तौ॒ सम॑र्षसि व॒त्सः सं॑मा॒तरा॑विव। न॒न्वे॒तदि॒तः पु॒रा ब्रह्म॑ दे॒वा अ॒मी वि॑दुः ॥

O sun, you reach both the extremities of your orbit, just as a child going to its father and mother both, (you maintain the will of Attri and the law of Nature). And this eternal mystery and law of nature and Divinity, those sages have known who have been long long even before now. (The law is eternal, the cycle of existence is eternal, and the knowledge of the law and cycle of existence too is eternal.)

· · ·

13.2.14

यत्स॑मु॒द्रमनु॑ श्रि॒तं तत्सि॑षासति॒ सूर्यः॑। अध्वा॑स्य॒ वित॑तो म॒हान्पूर्व॒श्चाप॑रश्च॒ यः ॥

Whatever is implicit in the infinite creativity of Divinity, that the sun shares and wants to give. Great is the path of its motion and bestowal, spread far and wide, full and more, now and beyond, last and later, ever on.

· · ·

13.2.15

तं समा॑प्नोति जू॒तिभि॒स्ततो॒ नाप॑ चिकित्सति। तेना॒मृत॑स्य भ॒क्षं दे॒वानां॒ नाव॑ रुन्धते ॥

That infinite share of it, it receives from Divinity on way by its own dynamics of nature. From there, and from that path, it never deviates. By that very path and that relentless sincerity, it never restrains, never withholds, the rightful share of the divinities from Nature, (it gives, freely, profusely, because it receives freely and profusely only for that purpose.)

· · ·

13.2.16

उदु॒ त्यं जा॒तवे॑दसं दे॒वं व॑हन्ति के॒तवः॑। दृशे विश्वा॑य॒ सूर्य॑म् ॥

That watchful sun, divine illuminant of

all things in existence, that infinite giver, the radiations of cosmic energy bear and carry on, and that, the rays of light irradiate for all the world to see (for their own benefit).

· · ·

13.2.17

अप॒ त्ये ता॒यवो॑ यथा॒ नक्ष॑त्रा यन्त्य॒क्तुभिः॑। सूरा॑य वि॒श्वच॑क्षसे ॥

And those stars, which love to be with the nights to steal the light of the sun and shine, disappear at dawn so that the world may see the sun and share the light.

· · ·

13.2.18

अदृ॑श्रन्नस्य के॒तवो॒ वि र॒श्मयो॒ जनाँ॒ अनु॑। भ्राज॑न्तो अ॒ग्नयो॑ यथा ॥

The banners of the lord of sun beams, the rays of the sun, are seen in the world of humanity blazing like explosions of fire in heaven.

· · ·

13.2.19

त॒रणि॑र्वि॒श्वद॑र्शतो ज्योति॒ष्कृद॑सि सूर्य। विश्व॒मा भा॑सि रोचन ॥

O Sun, you are the saviour, redeemer from darkness, illuminator of the world, light giver even for lights of the world. You shine over the world, beautiful, glorious.

· · ·

13.2.20

प्र॒त्यङ्दे॒वानां॒ विशः॑ प्र॒त्यङ्ङुदे॑षि॒ मानु॑षीः। प्र॒त्यङ्विश्वं॒ स्व᳡र्दृ॒शे ॥

O Sun, light of the world, to the noblest powers of nature and humanity, to the people in the business of life, to the people in general, you rise directly and reveal your presence so that the world might see the light divine directly by their own experience.

· · ·

13.2.21

येना॑ पावक॒ चक्ष॑सा भुर॒ण्यन्तं॒ जनाँ॒ अनु॑। त्वं व॑रुण॒ पश्य॑सि ॥

Lord purifier and sanctifier, lord of light and judgement, with the eye with which you watch the mighty world of dynamic activity, holding every thing in equipoise, with the same kind and benign eye, watch and bless us.

· · ·

13.2.22

वि द्यामे॑षि॒ रज॑स्पृ॒थ्वह॒र्मिमा॑नो अ॒क्तुभिः॑। पश्य॒ञ्जन्मा॑नि सूर्य ॥

O Sun, watching the species of various forms and traversing the wide worlds of existence by days and nights, you move to the regions of light and heaven.

· · ·

13.2.23

स॒प्त त्वा॑ ह॒रितो॒ रथे॒ वह॑न्ति देव सूर्य। शो॒चिष्के॑शं विचक्ष॒णम् ॥

O Sun, self-refulgent lord of blazing flames, light and universal illumination, seven are the colourful lights of glory which, like seven horses, draw your chariot of time across space and the history of mankind. In the same way seven are the channels, metres of poetry and vision, which reveal the light of Divinity in the sacred verses of Veda.

· · ·

13.2.24

अयु॑क्त स॒प्त शु॒न्ध्युवः॒ सूरो॒ रथ॑स्य न॒प्त्यः᳡। ताभि॑र्याति॒ स्वयु॑क्तिभिः ॥

The sun, bright and illuminant, yokes seven pure, immaculate, purifying and infallible sun beams like horses to his chariot of time and motion, and with these self-yoked powers moves on across the spaces to the regions of light and bliss. So does the Lord of the Universe with his laws and powers of Prakrti move the world as his own chariot of creative manifestation.

· · ·

13.2.25

रोहि॑तो दिव॒मारु॑ह॒त्तप॑सा तप॒स्वी। स योनि॒मैति॒ स उ॑ जायते॒ पुनः॒ स दे॒वाना॒मधि॑पतिर्बभूव ॥

Rohita, self-refulgent light of life, the Sun, burning and blazing with its own creative and energising light and warmth of life, rises to the heavenly heights of the universe. It rises to the origin of all originative causes, takes its own self manifestive birth with things born again and again, and still remains the same highest ordainer of the divine forces of nature and noble humanity.

· · ·

13.2.26

यो वि॒श्वच॑र्षणिरु॒त वि॒श्वतो॑मुखो॒ यो वि॒श्वत॑स्पाणिरु॒त वि॒श्वत॑स्पृथः। सं बा॒हुभ्यां॑ भरति॒ सं पत॑त्त्रै॒र्द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी ज॒नय॑न्दे॒व एकः॑ ॥

All watching with cosmic eyes, all speaking with cosmic voice, all protecting with cosmic arms, and all reaching with infinite cosmic presence, the sole, self- refulgent creator of heaven and earth shapes and controls the universe with the hands of his thought and will with strokes of natural forces forging things into form and sustaining them in life.

· · ·

13.2.27

एक॑पा॒द्द्विप॑दो॒ भूयो॒ वि च॑क्र॒मे द्विपा॒त्त्रिपा॑दम॒भ्ये᳡ति प॒श्चात्। द्विपा॑द्ध॒ षट्प॑दो॒ भूयो॒ वि च॑क्रमे॒ त एक॑पदस्त॒न्वं१॒॑ समा॑सते ॥

The One sole, self-existent Brahma exceeds the twofold created world of Purusha and Prakrti, more and ever more. In the process of creative evolution the twofold world of Purusha and Prakrti follows up to the threefold world of Purusha, Prakrti and Jiva, more and ever more. The twofold world of Purusha and Prakrti exceeds the six dimensional world of pure Prakrti. Ultimately, the twofold threefold, sixfold, all abide within the One, sole, self-existent, all transcendent Brahma.

· · ·

13.2.28

अत॑न्द्रो या॒स्यन्ह॒रितो॒ यदास्था॒द्द्वे रू॒पे कृ॑णुते॒ रोच॑मानः। के॑तु॒मानु॒द्यन्त्सह॑मानो॒ रजां॑सि॒ विश्वा॑ आदित्य प्र॒वतो॒ वि भा॑सि ॥

Relentless, ever awake, ever on the move, when the Sun shines radiating its rays of light, the shining glory creates two forms of existence: the day where it shines and the night where it does not. O Aditya, imperishable Aditi’s own mutation as embodiment of light, commanding your banners of sun beams, overwhelming and crossing regions of the worlds in space, you shine over all places high or low from the heights of heaven.

· · ·

13.2.29

बण्म॒हाँ अ॑सि सूर्य॒ बडा॑दित्य म॒हाँ अ॑सि। म॒हांस्ते॑ मह॒तो म॑हि॒मा त्वमा॑दित्य म॒हाँ अ॑सि ॥

O Surya, inspirer of life with life energy, truly you are great. O Aditya, child of imperishable mother Nature, surely you are unassailable, your grandeur is greater than greatness itself, O Aditya, child of divine Shakti, you are great beyond all possibility of challenge O Surya, inspirer of life with life energy, truly you are great. O Aditya, child of imperishable mother Nature, surely you are unassailable, your grandeur is greater than greatness itself, O Aditya, child of divine Shakti, you are great beyond all possibility of challenge and negation.

· · ·

13.2.30

रोच॑से दि॒वि रोच॑से अ॒न्तरि॑क्षे॒ पत॑ङ्ग पृथि॒व्यां रो॑चसे॒ रोच॑से अ॒प्स्व१॒॑न्तः। उ॒भा स॑मु॒द्रौ रुच्या॒ व्या᳡पिथ दे॒वो दे॑वासि महि॒षः स्व॒र्जित् ॥

O divine Sun, cosmic Bird of light on high in space, you shine in heaven, you shine in the firmament, you shine on earth, and you shine in the dynamics of nature and humanity, inspiring them all. You pervade in the seas on earth and in the oceans of space with your light and energy. O divine Refulgence, you are divinity in the mode of light, great, virile and generous, winner and giver of light and heavenly joy.

· · ·

13.2.31

अ॒र्वाङ्प॒रस्ता॒त्प्रय॑तो व्य॒ध्व आ॒शुर्वि॑प॒श्चित्प॒तय॑न्पत॒ङ्गः। विष्णु॒र्विचि॑त्तः॒ शव॑साधि॒तिष्ठ॒न्प्र के॒तुना॑ सहते॒ विश्व॒मेज॑त् ॥

Closest from the farthest, ever on the move on way, instant in action, all enlightened, Bird of light on cosmic wings, all pervasive, all aware, abiding by your own potential, you rule over the dynamic universe with your self-manifested power and glory.

· · ·

13.2.32

चि॒त्रश्चि॑कि॒त्वान्म॑हि॒षः सु॑प॒र्ण आ॑रो॒चय॒न्रोद॑सी अ॒न्तरि॑क्षम्। अ॑होरा॒त्रे परि॒ सूर्यं॒ वसा॑ने॒ प्रास्य॒ विश्वा॑ तिरतो वी॒र्या᳡णि ॥

Sublime, intelligent, great, all sustainer, the Sun abides, illuminating heaven, earth and the firmament. Both day and night, wearing the glory of the Sun, exalt the universal grandeur and cosmic exploits of this Sun.

· · ·

13.2.33

ति॒ग्मो वि॒भ्राज॑न्त॒न्वं१॒॑ शिशा॑नोऽरंग॒मासः॑ प्र॒वतो॒ ररा॑णः। ज्योति॑ष्मान्प॒क्षी म॑हि॒षो व॑यो॒धा विश्वा॒ आस्था॑त्प्र॒दिशः॒ कल्प॑मानः ॥

Sharp with lazer beams of light, blazing in glory, raising the scorching sharpness of its rays, instant reacher far and near at ease, illuminating and advancing high and low, self-refulgent, all round radiant, great, treasurehold of life and sustenance, the sun abides, shaping, informing and irradiating all quarters of space in the world.

· · ·

13.2.34

चि॒त्रं दे॒वानां॑ के॒तुरनी॑कं॒ ज्योति॑ष्मान्प्र॒दिशः॒ सूर्य॑ उ॒द्यन्। दि॑वाक॒रोऽति॑ द्यु॒म्नैस्तमां॑सि॒ विश्वा॑तारीद्दुरि॒तानि॑ शु॒क्रः ॥

Wondrous banner of divinities, life elevating, self-refulgent, pure, powerful and radiant harbinger of the day, the inspiring sun, rising over quarters of space, has dispelled all evils and darknesses of the world far out with its radiations of light.

· · ·

13.2.35

चि॒त्रं दे॒वाना॒मुद॑गा॒दनी॑कं॒ चक्षु॑र्मि॒त्रस्य॒ वरु॑णस्या॒ग्नेः। आप्रा॒द्द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॒न्तरि॑क्षं॒ सूर्य॑ आ॒त्मा जग॑तस्त॒स्थुष॑श्च ॥

The sun, wondrous banner of divinities, abundant light of life, the eye of Mitra, Varuna and Agni, love, judgement and fire of Divinity, is risen, and it has filled the heaven and earth and the sky with its glorious light. It is indeed the very life and soul of the moving and the unmoving world.

· · ·

13.2.36

उ॒च्चा पत॑न्तमरु॒णं सु॑प॒र्णं मध्ये॑ दि॒वस्त॒रणिं॒ भ्राज॑मानम्। पश्या॑म त्वा सवि॒तारं॒ यमा॒हुरज॑स्रं॒ ज्योति॒र्यद॑विन्द॒दत्त्रिः॑ ॥

We see you, O Sun, rising high to glory and crimson magnificence, a divine Bird of life with the gift of light, blazing and floating like a saving ark of Divinity in the midst of heavenly space, giver and harbinger of life, energy and inspiration, whom poets and sages call imperishable light of Eternity, which Attri, Lord Supreme free from time, space and mutability, created and gifted to life of the world.

· · ·

13.2.37

दि॒वस्पृ॒ष्ठे धाव॑मानं सुप॒र्णमदि॑त्याः पु॒त्रं ना॒थका॑म॒ उप॑ यामि भी॒तः। स नः॑ सूर्य॒ प्र ति॑र दी॒र्घमायु॒र्मा रि॑षाम सुम॒तौ ते॑ स्याम ॥

Smothered by the pressures of life around, yearning for fulfilment of my life’s mission and purpose, I come and pray to the Sun, self-refulgent child of Imperishable mother Eternity, flying high in space on top of heaven like a celestial Bird of infinite wings of will and action. May the Sun give us long life and good health, may we never come to harm and injury, and may we, O Lord, ever enjoy your love and good will.

· · ·

13.2.38

स॑हस्रा॒ह्ण्यं विय॑तावस्य प॒क्षौ हरे॑र्हं॒सस्य॒ पत॑तः स्व॒र्गम्। स दे॒वान्त्सर्वा॒नुर॑स्युप॒दद्य॑ सं॒पश्य॑न्याति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑ ॥

Over a thousand days (infinite in dimensions) are spread the wings of the will and action of the celestial Sun, saviour spirit and redeemer from the oppressions of life, which flies over and beyond the borders of time and space on the path of eternal freedom. Having taken over all divine forces of nature and humanity unto its heart, watching all worlds of existence, it flies on and on.

· · ·

13.2.39

रोहि॑तः का॒लो अ॑भव॒द्रोहि॒तोऽग्रे॑ प्र॒जाप॑तिः। रोहि॑तो य॒ज्ञानां॒ मुखं॒ रोहि॑तः॒ स्व१॒॑राभ॑रत् ॥

Rohita, the highest Lord of glory, became, i.e., generated and pervaded, and pervades existential time and is the Time Absolute. Rohita is Prajapati, the first, Original creator, generator and sustainer of the world and life in existence. Rohita is the one absolute deity of yajna, in fact Yajna Itself of the universe, and Rohita is eternal Bliss and freedom of Moksha.

· · ·

13.2.40

रोहि॑तो लो॒को अ॑भव॒द्रोहि॒तोऽत्य॑तप॒द्दिव॑म्। रोहि॑तो र॒श्मिभि॒र्भूमिं॑ समु॒द्रमनु॒ सं च॑रत् ॥

Rohita is the world in existence as the sun is itself the earthly world, Rohita gives the light and fire to the solar region, and Rohita radiates over earth and the seas with its rays.

· · ·

13.2.41

सर्वा॒ दिशः॒ सम॑चर॒द्रोहि॒तोऽधि॑पतिर्दि॒वः। दिवं॑ समु॒द्रमाद्भूमिं॒ सर्वं॑ भू॒तं वि र॑क्षति ॥

Rohita, sojourns with and over space in all quarters, Rohita is the presiding deity of the regions of heaven, and Rohita sustains and protects the solar region, the sea, the earth and all forms of existence all ways.

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13.2.42

आ॒रोह॑न्छु॒क्रो बृ॑ह॒तीरत॑न्द्रो॒ द्वे रू॒पे कृ॑णुते॒ रोच॑मानः। चि॒त्रश्चि॑कि॒त्वान्म॑हि॒षो वात॑माया॒ याव॑तो लो॒कान॒भि यद्वि॒भाति॑ ॥

Mighty is Rohita, mighty intelligent, all aware. Relentless and ever alert, it rises over all expansive directions of space and, shining and illuminating, it creates two forms of bright days and dark nights. Wondrous of action, it gives velocity to the wind and while moving it illuminates the worlds of existence.

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13.2.43

अ॒भ्य१॒॑न्यदे॑ति॒ पर्य॒न्यद॑स्यतेऽहोरा॒त्राभ्यां॑ महि॒षः कल्प॑मानः। सूर्यं॑ व॒यं रज॑सि क्षि॒यन्तं॑ गातु॒विदं॑ हवामहे॒ नाध॑मानाः ॥

Mighty Sun, forming time by day and night, shines over one half of the earth and folds the other half away into the dark. Prayerful and devoted, we invoke the sun, pervading in the world, and thereby knowing and guiding us on the ways of the world.

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13.2.44

पृ॑थिवी॒प्रो म॑हि॒षो नाध॑मानस्य गा॒तुरद॑ब्धचक्षुः॒ परि॒ विश्वं॑ बभूव। विश्वं॑ सं॒पश्य॑न्त्सुवि॒दत्रो॒ यज॑त्र इ॒दं शृ॑णोतु॒ यद॒हं ब्रवी॑मि ॥

Gracious to earth, mighty generous, guide to the prayerful, inviolable, all-watchful, the Sun rules supreme over the world. Watching the world with favour, kindly knowing and accepting, adorable, may the Lord, I pray, listen to what I say in prayer and adoration.

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13.2.45

पर्य॑स्य महि॒मा पृ॑थि॒वीं स॑मु॒द्रं ज्योति॑षा वि॒भ्राज॒न्परि॒ द्याम॒न्तरि॑क्षम्। सर्वं॑ सं॒पश्य॑न्त्सुवि॒दत्रो॒ यज॑त्र इ॒दं शृ॑णोतु॒ यद॒हं ब्रवी॑मि ॥

Blazing with splendour as the Sun is, the Lord’s glory shines over earth and the seas, over heaven and the firmament. Watching every thing wholly and favourably, kindly knowing, all adorable, may the Lord, I pray, listen to what I say in prayer and adoraton.

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13.2.46

अबो॑ध्य॒ग्निः स॒मिधा॒ जना॑नां॒ प्रति॑ धे॒नुमि॑वाय॒तीमु॒षास॑म्। य॒ह्वा इ॑व॒ प्र व॒यामु॒ज्जिहा॑नाः॒ प्र भा॒नवः॑ सिस्रते॒ नाक॒मच्छ॑ ॥

As the abundant cow is awake at the rise of dawn, so the fire is lit and rises with fuel and ghrta offered by yajnic people. As trees shoot up their branches, leaves and tendrils, so the rays of the Sun rise high to reach the heaven of bliss and beauty. (So do enlightened people rise to the light of heaven and the freedom of divine bliss with prayer.)

✦ Sukta 3 · 26 verses ✦

13.3.1

य इ॒मे द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी ज॒जान॒ यो द्रापिं॑ कृ॒त्वा भुव॑नानि॒ वस्ते॑। यस्मि॑न्क्षि॒यन्ति॑ प्र॒दिशः॒ षडु॒र्वीर्याः प॑त॒ङ्गो अनु॑ वि॒चाक॑शीति। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

He that created this heaven and earth, who pervades these worlds of existence as if wearing them as garments, in whom abide all the six vast quarters of space which the sun watches and illuminates, to that Lord, that person is an offensive sinner who assails a Brahmana, man of God, knowing the Lord thus celebrated. O Rohita, lord of glory, shake up that person, punish him down, throw the snares of justice and retribution round the Brahmana-oppressor.

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13.3.2

यस्मा॒द्वाता॑ ऋतु॒था पव॑न्ते॒ यस्मा॑त्समु॒द्रा अधि॑ वि॒क्षर॑न्ति। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

From whom the winds blow according to the seasons, from whom the oceans flow, to that Lord, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana knowing the Lord thus celebrated.

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13.3.3

यो मा॒रय॑ति प्रा॒णय॑ति॒ यस्मा॑त्प्रा॒णन्ति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Who gives death and also gives the breath of life, from whom all worlds of existence receive their life and life energy, to that Lord Supreme, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana knowing the Brahma. O Rohita, Ruler risen high, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, throw the snares of justice and retribution round the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.4

यः प्राणे॑न॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी त॒र्पय॑त्यपा॒नेन॑ समु॒द्रस्य॑ ज॒ठरं॒ यः पिप॑र्ति। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Who fills and replenishes heaven and earth with the energy of prana, and fills up the depth of ocean with the energy of apana, to that Lord Supreme, that person is an affensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, knower of Brahma in truth. O Rohita, high risen Ruler, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of justice and retribution to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.5

यस्मि॑न्वि॒राट्प॑रमे॒ष्ठी प्र॒जाप॑तिर॒ग्निर्वै॑श्वान॒रः स॒ह प॒ङ्क्त्या श्रि॒तः। यः पर॑स्य प्रा॒णं प॑र॒मस्य॒ तेज॑ आद॒दे। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

In whom the Supreme Parameshthi of the regions of light, Prajapati, life giving air of the middle region and the earthly fire version of universal energy, all with their expansive but defined functions, repose, and who withdraws the life energy of far off things and the splendour of highest realities at the end, to that Lord Supreme, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, high risen Ruler, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of justice and correction to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.6

यस्मि॒न्षडु॒र्वीः पञ्च॒ दिशो॒ अधि॑श्रि॒ताश्चत॑स्र॒ आपो॑ य॒ज्ञस्य॒ त्रयो॒ऽक्षराः॑। यो अ॑न्त॒रा रोद॑सी क्रु॒द्धश्चक्षु॒षैक्ष॑त। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

In whom, six wide directions of space, five elements of Prakrti, all four classes of humanity and four versions of human action, three vyahrtis of yajna and three syllables of AUM abide, who with awful eye watches everything between heaven and earth, to that Lord Supreme, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, high risen Ruler, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and correction to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.7

यो अ॑न्ना॒दो अन्न॑पतिर्ब॒भूव॒ ब्रह्म॑ण॒स्पति॑रु॒त यः। भू॒तो भ॑वि॒ष्यद्भुव॑नस्य॒ यस्पतिः॑। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

He that is the cosumer, creator, protector and promoter of the food of life, he that is the originator, preserver and promoter of Vedic knowledge and enlightenment, he that is the lord and master of past, future and all that is going on at present, to that Lord Supreme, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler high risen and brilliant, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and correction to the Brahmana- violator.

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13.3.8

अ॑होरा॒त्रैर्विमि॑तं त्रिं॒शद॑ङ्गं त्रयोद॒शं मासं॒ यो नि॒र्मिमी॑ते। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

The One lord and master who measures the thirty day month counted by day-night cycle, he that shapes and ordains the thirteenth month of the lunar year, to that supreme lord that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler high risen and brilliant, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and correction to the Brahmana- violator.

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13.3.9

कृ॒ष्णं नि॒यानं॒ हर॑यः सुप॒र्णा अ॒पो वसा॑ना॒ दिव॒मुत्प॑तन्ति। त आव॑वृत्र॒न्त्सद॑नादृ॒तस्य॑। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Sun rays of golden wings wearing vestments of water vapours rise to the regions of the sun, centre of solar gravitation, drawing, holding and ordaining the motions of planets and planetary atmospheres. They turn back to the earth from the sun, house of waters and the centre seat of the law of the solar-planetary system. To that divine presence of Brahma in the sun and the solar system, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler high risen and self-refulgent, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the snares of justice and retribution to the Brahmana- violator.

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13.3.10

यत्ते॑ च॒न्द्रं क॑श्यप रोच॒नाव॒द्यत्सं॑हि॒तं पु॑ष्क॒लं चि॒त्रभा॑नु॒। यस्मि॒न्त्सूर्या॒ आर्पि॑ताः स॒प्त सा॒कम्। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

O Kashyapa, lord divine of universal eye all- watching, beautiful, gracious and refulgent is your glory, which is the concentrated, abundant and wondrous sun of radiant light in which are integrated the various mutations of seven rays of the spectrum. To that presence of yours, Brahma reflected in the sun, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler risen high and self-refulgent, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and correction to the Brahmana- violator.

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13.3.11

बृ॒हदे॑न॒मनु॑ वस्ते पु॒रस्ता॑द्रथन्त॒रं प्रति॑ गृह्णाति प॒श्चात्। ज्योति॒र्वसा॑ने॒ सद॒मप्र॑मादम्। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

First Brhat, vast space, wears the divine vestment of Brahma, then after, the floating stars and planets wear the power and glory of the Supreme power and continue to move with Divinity relentlessly with divine energy through their light and motion. To that presence of Brahma reflected in space, stars and planets, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler risen high and self-refulgent, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and correction to the Brahmana- violator.

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13.3.12

बृ॒हद॒न्यतः॑ प॒क्ष आसी॑द्रथन्त॒रम॒न्यतः॒ सब॑ले स॒ध्रीची॑। यद्रोहि॑त॒मज॑नयन्त दे॒वाः। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Brhat, infinite constancy of Prakrti, the unbounded vastness of space and the boundless meaning of Sama, is one aspect of Brahma in existence, and the Rathantaram mutability of Prakrti and the inspiring power of Soma, is another aspect, and the two in complementarity comprehend, ordain, energise and direct the dynamics of the universe. To that infinite and manifestive presence of Brahma and Its ordainment of existence, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler risen high and potent, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and correction to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.13

स वरु॑णः सा॒यम॒ग्निर्भ॑वति॒ स मि॒त्रो भ॑वति प्रा॒तरु॒द्यन्। स स॑वि॒ता भू॒त्वान्तरि॑क्षेण याति॒ स इन्द्रो॑ भू॒त्वा त॑पति मध्य॒तो दिव॑म्। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च पाशान् ॥

That Brahma, the Sun, becomes Varuna, ruddy fire in the evening, it becomes Mitra when rising in the morning, becoming Savita, life giving inspirer, it goes on across the middle space, while becoming Indra, it blazes as heavenly light at noon. To that self-refulgent presence, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler risen highand brilliant, shale up that person, punish him down to naught, and extend the snares of law, justice and punishment, to the Brahma violator.

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13.3.14

स॑हस्रा॒ह्ण्यं विय॑तावस्य प॒क्षौ हरे॑र्हं॒सस्य॒ पत॑तः स्व॒र्गम्। स दे॒वान्त्सर्वा॒नुर॑स्युप॒दद्य॑ सं॒पश्य॑न्याति॒ भुव॑नानि॒ विश्वा॑। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Over a thousand days of Divinities, each day equal to the four yugas of 4,320000 (four million, three hundred and twenty thousand) years, are spread the wings of the will and action of the cosmic Sun, saviour spirit and redeemer from the oppressions of life, the heavenly Bird which flies over and beyond the borders of time and space on the path of eternal freedom. Having taken over all divine forces of nature and humanity unto its heart, watching over all worlds of existence, it flies on and on. To this over-presiding Power of the universe, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler risen high over the world, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the snares of law, justice and punishment to the Brahmana- violator.

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13.3.15

अ॒यं स दे॒वो अ॒प्स्वन्तः स॒हस्र॑मूलः पुरु॒शाको॒ अत्त्रिः॑। य इ॒दं विश्वं॒ भुव॑नं॒ जजा॑न। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

This Brahma, self manifested Supreme Spirit of the universe, is at the heart of waters and all dynamics of nature and humanity. It is the ultimate root cause of thousands of Prakrti’s forms and variations, infinite in power, creative saviour and promoter during evolution and the ultimate devourer that sucks in unto Itself all that is in existence. To this Lord that generated this entire universe, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that sinner, punish him down to naught, extend the snares of law, justice and retribution to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.16

शु॒क्रं व॑हन्ति॒ हर॑यो रघु॒ष्यदो॑ दे॒वं दि॒वि वर्च॑सा॒ भ्राज॑मानम्। यस्यो॒र्ध्वा दिवं॑ त॒न्व१॒॑स्तप॑न्त्य॒र्वाङ्सु॒वर्णैः॑ पट॒रैर्वि भाति॑। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Waves of energy at the speed of light irradiate the sun, pure, powerful and divine, shining with splendour in heavn. His radiant rays of light set the heaven ablaze as he shines forth toward the earth below with golden bursts of light showers. To that Divine Sun, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the person who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that sinner, punish him down to naught, extend the snares of law, justice and retribution to the Brahmana-violator.

· · ·

13.3.17

येना॑दि॒त्यान्ह॒रितः॑ सं॒वह॑न्ति॒ येन॑ य॒ज्ञेन॑ ब॒हवो॒ यन्ति॑ प्रजा॒नन्तः॑। यदेकं॒ ज्योति॑र्बहु॒धा वि॒भाति॑। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

That Supreme Brahma by whose prime potential the rays of light irradiate the sun over the zodiacs, by whose adorable grace learned sages live and attain to Freedom, the One Light that shines in many forms, to that Lord that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that sinner, punish him down to naught, extend the snares of law, justice and retribuction to the Brahmana-violator.

· · ·

13.3.18

स॒प्त यु॑ञ्जन्ति॒ रथ॒मेक॑चक्र॒मेको॒ अश्वो॑ वहति स॒प्तना॑मा। त्रि॒नाभि॑ च॒क्रम॒जर॑मन॒र्वं यत्रे॒मा विश्वा॒ भुव॒नाधि॑ त॒स्थुः। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Seven rays of light are yoked to the one wheel chariot of time drawn by one horse of light of seven names. The wheel, unaging and automotive, has three subwheels with three naves and three rims, three phases of time and seasons, and in this time-space orbit of the sun abide all regions of the world of existence. To that Lord of time and the sun, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that sinner, punish him down to naught, extend the snares of law, justice and retribution to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.19

अ॑ष्ट॒धा यु॒क्तो वह॑ति॒ वह्नि॑रु॒ग्रः पि॒ता दे॒वानां॑ जनि॒ता म॑ती॒नाम्। ऋ॒तस्य॒ तन्तुं॒ मन॑सा मि॒मानः॒ सर्वा॒ दिशः॑ पवते मात॒रिश्वा॑। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Joined with, pervading in, the eightfold form of the world of Prakrti diversified over Akasha, Vayu, Agni, Apah, Prthivi, mind, intelligence and Ahankara (Gita, 7, 4-5) and, through universal mind, extending the Rtam thread of the unity of truth and law through all these eight (Gita, 7, 7), the mighty awful burden bearer of the universe, father creator of the divine forms of nature, generator of the intelligence and piety of the wise in humanity, the divine Spirit of the universe rolls through and rules over all the quarters of space across the universe. To that One Lord of time and space and humanity, that person is an offensive sinner who violates a Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that sinner, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and retribution to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.20

स॒म्यञ्चं॒ तन्तुं॑ प्र॒दिशोऽनु॒ सर्वा॑ अ॒न्तर्गा॑य॒त्र्याम॒मृत॑स्य॒ गर्भे॑। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Holding with the universal mind the one single thread of unity and law of Rtam running through the total diversity of existence over and across all directions of space in the generative womb of Gayatri, the mighty awesome burden bearer of the universe rolls through all regions of the universe. To that wielder of the unity thread of diversity, that person is an offensive sinner who violates the Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that sinner, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and retribution to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.21

नि॒म्रुच॑स्ति॒स्रो व्युषो॑ ह ति॒स्रस्त्रीणि॒ रजां॑सि॒ दिवो॑ अ॒ङ्ग ति॒स्रः। वि॒द्मा ते॑ अग्ने त्रे॒धा ज॒नित्रं॑ त्रे॒धा दे॒वानां॒ जनि॑मानि वि॒द्म। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

Three are the kinds of sun-set, three the dawns, three are the regions of firmament, dear friend, three the heavens. O Agni, we know your three kinds of birth, we know three kinds of the birth of divinities. To that Lord whose manifestation all these are, that person is an offensive sinner who violates the Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that sinner, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and retribution to the Brahmana-violator. (Three sun-rises and sun-sets have been interpreted by Vishwanatha Vidyalankara as: one on March 21 and September 23, another on June 21, and the third on December 21. With reference to these three, the relative position of the earth with the solar region makes for three heavens or regions of light on earth, the northern, the central and the southern. Three ‘Rajansi’ or regions of the world are the earth, the middle region, and the solar region. Three kinds of the birth of fire are: from fuel on earth, from Vayu (electricity), in the middle regions, and from the sun in the solar region. Three kinds of the birth of divinities are: Birth of the stars from Prakrti’s Virat mutation, birth of the planets from the stars, and birth of satellites such as moon from planets.)

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13.3.22

वि य और्णो॑त्पृथि॒वीं जाय॑मान॒ आ स॑मु॒द्रमद॑धाद॒न्तरि॑क्षे। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

He that, self-manifesting and rising, covers the earth with light and vegetation, who places the ocean of vapour in the sky, to that lord self-manifested, that person is an offensive sinner who violates the Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that sinner, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and retribution to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.23

त्वम॑ग्ने॒ क्रतु॑भिः के॒तुभि॑र्हि॒तो॒र्कः समि॑द्ध॒ उद॑रोचथा दि॒वि। किम॒भ्या᳡र्चन्म॒रुतः॒ पृश्नि॑मातरो॒ यद्रोहि॑त॒मज॑नयन्त दे॒वाः। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

O Agni, light of life, by acts, attributes, rays of light and flames of fire, you manifest for the benefit of your creations. Self-lighted and raised, you rise and shine in the heavens. Lighted and raised in yajna, you rise and reach the solar regions. When all the Divinities manifest the presence of Rohita, the Sun on high and everywhere, who would the people, vibrant children of versatile mother earth, worship? Only you, none else. To such lord of light, that person is an offensive sinner who violates the Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, throw the snares of justice and retribution to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.24

य आ॑त्म॒दा ब॑ल॒दा यस्य॒ विश्व॑ उ॒पास॑ते प्र॒शिषं॒ यस्य॑ दे॒वाः। यो॒स्येशे॑ द्वि॒पदो॒ यश्चतु॑ष्पदः। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

He that is the giver of life to the soul and the power and potential the soul needs on earth, whose glory all people and all worlds in existence worship and all divinities celebrate, who rules the life of all living beings, humans, animals and all others, to that lord of glory, that person is an offensive sinner who violates the Brahmana, the man who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that person, punish him down to naught, extend the arms of law, justice and correction to the Brahmana-violator.

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13.3.25

एक॑पा॒द्द्विप॑दो॒ भूयो॒ वि च॑क्रमे॒ द्विपा॒त्त्रिपा॑दम॒भ्ये᳡ति प॒श्चात्। चतु॑ष्पाच्चक्रे॒ द्विप॑दामभिस्व॒रे सं॒पश्य॑न्प॒ङ्क्तिमु॑प॒तिष्ठ॑मानः। तस्य॑ दे॒वस्य॑ क्रु॒द्धस्यै॒तदागो॒ य ए॒वं वि॒द्वांसं॑ ब्राह्म॒णं जि॒नाति॑। उद्वे॑पय रोहित॒ प्र क्षि॑णीहि ब्रह्म॒ज्यस्य॒ प्रति॑ मुञ्च॒ पाशा॑न् ॥

The One sole self-existent Brahma exceeds the twofold created world of Purusha and Prakrti more and ever more. In the process of creative evolution, the twofold world of Purusha and Prakrti develops to the threefold world of Purusha, Prakrti and Jiva more and ever more. On the invocation of the human community in unity, close upon the unity, Brahma ordained them to be organised into four classes. To such a lord of light and comprehensive sight, that person is an offensive sinner who violates the Brahmana, the person who knows Brahma in truth. O Rohita, Ruler on high, shake up that Brahmana violator, punish him down to naught, let the snares of law, justice and retribution be spread wide for the Brahmana-violator. (Further on this mantra, refer to Brhadaranyaka Upanishad, 1, 4, 11-15 for the social interpretation.) This mantra can also be interpreted in terms of Patanjal Yoga Sutras: Brahma is Chatushpat (Mandukya Upanishad, 2 and 8-12). In Patanjala Yogasutras, the first five stages of practice are called Bahiranga (External) Yoga, and the last three upto Samadhi are called Antaranga (Internal) Yoga. On completion of the first five, Pankti, on invocation of the Yogi, the Chatushpat Brahma, immanent and transcendent, reveals Itself. Refer Yoga Sutras: 1, 3; 3, 8; 4, 34).

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13.3.26

कृ॒ष्णायाः॑ पु॒त्रो अर्जु॑नो॒ रात्र्या॑ व॒त्सो᳡जा॑यत। स ह॒ द्यामधि॑ रोहति॒ रुहो॑ रुरोह॒ रोहि॑तः ॥

Born of the dark night, the ruddy sun has arrived at dawn. The same, blazing with splendour, rises to the heaven, to the heights of heaven. Also: Born of the dark night of Pralaya, the self- refulgent Sun is arisen. He, saviour from darkness, rises to the heavens and, rising and still rising, creating and pervading all creations, transcends beyond the Heavens.

✦ Sukta 4 · 56 verses ✦

13.4.1

स ए॑ति सवि॒ता स्व᳡र्दि॒वस्पृ॒ष्ठे᳡व॒चाक॑शत् ॥

There rises Savita, Light of life Supreme, inspiring Sun on Top of heaven (in the Sahasrar Chakra). It comes shining, radiating, revealing, observing, inspiring below (towards the heart core).

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13.4.2

र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः ॥

The sky is full, overflows with light; wrapped radiant with divine light, Mahendra, the great omnipotent, comes (towards the heart core).

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13.4.3

स धा॒ता स वि॑ध॒र्ता स वा॒युर्नभ॒ उच्छ्रि॑तम् ॥

He is the creator, sustainer, He is the ordainer, Vayu, breath of life, Nabha, omnipresent boundless as space, highest. The sky overflows with light, Mahendra comes wrapped in the halo of light.

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13.4.4

सो᳡र्य॒मा स वरु॑णः॒ स रु॒द्रः स म॑हादे॒वः ॥

He is Aryama, guide and path maker, Varuna, lord of judgement and choice, Rudra, just and merciful, Mahadeva, highest refulgent, kind and gracious. The sky overflows with light, Mahendra comes wrapped in the halo of light.

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13.4.5

सो अ॒ग्निः स उ॒ सूर्यः॒ स उ॑ ए॒व म॑हाय॒मः ॥

He is Agni, fire and passion of life, leader, pioneer, High-priest. He is the Surya, self-refulgent, He is Mahayama, supreme guide and justiciar. The sky overflows with light, Mahendra comes wrapped in the halo of divinity.

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13.4.6

तं व॒त्सा उप॑ तिष्ठ॒न्त्येक॒शीर्षा॑णो यु॒ता दश॑ ॥

Ten darlings, together engaged, one chief among them, stand about and adore him. The sky overflows with light, Mahendra comes wrapped in the halo of divinity. (Ten darlings: five organs of perception with mana, buddhi, chitta, aharkara and Jivatma, being the chief. In case of the sun, the ten are planets and satellites, abundant earth being the chief. Five pranas and five organs of volition could be taken as the ten darlings.)

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13.4.7

प॒श्चात्प्राञ्च॒ आ त॑न्वन्ति॒ यदु॒देति॒ वि भा॑सति ॥

When the sun rises, shines and radiates its light, the senses and mind, which normally move outwards, come back and turn inward. The sky overflows with light, Mahendra comes wrapped in the halo of divinity. (When the divine light shines in the Sahasrar Chakra, the lower chakras receive and overflow with the light of divinity which flows down to the heart core.)

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13.4.8

तस्यै॒ष मारु॑तो ग॒णः स ए॑ति शि॒क्याकृ॑तः ॥

The divine force of vibrant winds, Maruts in the sky and pranas in the human system, moves forward on the swing when the light of the divine Sun radiates to it. (Agni as the light and fire of divinity has three orders: fire on earth, vayu, or wind and electric energy in the sky, and aditya, or sunlight, in the solar region. When the sun shines and light radiates, it first flls the sky and then reaches the earth. This same analogy is here applied to the human psychic system in the process of spiritual realisation in meditation.)

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13.4.9

र॒श्मिभि॒र्नभ॒ आभृ॑तं महे॒न्द्र ए॒त्यावृ॑तः ॥

The sky, the heart, overflows with the light of divine Savita, Mahendra, Lord Supreme of self- refulgence, radiates and shines wrapped in light divine.

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13.4.10

तस्ये॒मे नव॒ कोशा॑ विष्ट॒म्भा न॑व॒धा हि॒ताः ॥

Of that Savita, these nine are the Koshas, sustaining and sustained by Savita, nine ways. (The Koshas sustaining and sustained by Savita are five koshas, i.e., annamaya,

pranamaya, manomaya, anandamaya and vijnanamaya, in addition three faculties of perceptive organs, chitta and ahankara and Jivatma. Or, eight chakras described in Atharva-veda, 10, 2, 31 and 11, 4, 22, and jivatma itself.)

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13.4.11

स प्र॒जाभ्यो॒ वि प॑श्यति॒ यच्च॑ प्रा॒णति॒ यच्च॒ न ॥

He, Savita, watches everything for the children of divine creation, all that breathe and those that don’t.

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13.4.12

तमि॒दं निग॑तं॒ सहः॒ स ए॒ष एक॑ एक॒वृदेक॑ ए॒व ॥

That Savita is all this concentrated force of existence, and all this concentrated force of matter, energy and thought is contained and sustained in Savita. And That is only One, the One self-existent, self-sustained.

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13.4.13

ए॒ते अ॑स्मिन्दे॒वा ए॑क॒वृतो॑ भवन्ति ॥

All these divine forces of existence are concentred in Him, one with and one into that.

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13.4.14

की॒र्तिश्च॒ यश॒श्चाम्भ॑श्च॒ नभ॑श्च ब्राह्मणवर्च॒सं चान्नं॑ चा॒न्नाद्यं॑ च ॥

Fame, honour and glory, valour and brilliance, inviolable identity, sagely splendour, food and prosperity, and the capacity for good health and preservation of one’s health and well being, all are his.

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13.4.15

य ए॒तं दे॒वमे॑क॒वृतं॒ वेद॑ ॥

Who knows this Savita as One all-concentred Being, he is the man who knows.

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13.4.16

न द्वि॒तीयो॒ न तृ॒तीय॑श्चतु॒र्थो नाप्यु॑च्यते ॥

Neither second, nor third, nor even fourth is He ever said to be. He that knows Savita as One, knows.

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13.4.17

न प॑ञ्च॒मो न ष॒ष्ठः स॑प्त॒मो नाप्यु॑च्यते ॥

Nor fifth, nor sixth, nor even seventh is He ever said to be. He that knows Savita as one is the man that really knows.

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13.4.18

नाष्ट॒मो न न॑व॒मो द॑श॒मो नाप्यु॑च्यते ॥

Nor eighth, nor nineth, nor even tenth is He ever said to be. He that knows Savita as such, as One and only One, really knows.

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13.4.19

स सर्व॑स्मै॒ वि प॑श्यति॒ यच्च॑ प्रा॒णति॒ यच्च॒ न ॥

He watches wholly and comprehensively for the sake of all, all that breathe and those that don’t. He that knows Savita as such, as One and only One, really knows.

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13.4.20

तमि॒दं निग॑तं॒ सहः॒ स ए॒ष एक॑ एक॒वृदेक॑ ए॒व ॥

That One Savita is all this concentrated force of existence. All this concentrated force of matter, energy and thought is contained and sustained in Savita. And that Savita is only One, the One self-existent, self- sustained. And he who knows this Savita as One all- concentred Being really knows.

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13.4.21

सर्वे॑ अस्मिन्दे॒वा ए॑क॒वृतो॑ भवन्ति ॥

All divinities of existence concentre into Him, one with and one into that. He that knows this Savita as One all-concentred Being really knows.

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13.4.22

ब्रह्म॑ च॒ तप॑श्च की॒र्तिश्च॒ यश॑श्चाम्भश्च॒ नभ॑श्च ब्राह्मणवर्च॒सं चान्नं॑ चा॒न्नाद्यं॑ च ॥

Divine knowledge, austere discipline, fame, honour and glory, power, force, sagely splendour, food and prosperity, health and nourishment,

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13.4.23

भू॒तं च॒ भव्यं॑ च श्र॒द्धा च॒ रुचि॑श्च स्व॒र्गश्च॑ स्व॒धा च॑ ॥

Past achievement, present and future possibilities, faith, lustre and pleasure, happiness and bliss, and identity.

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13.4.24

य ए॒तं दे॒वमे॑क॒वृतं॒ वेद॑ ॥

Belong to him who knows this refulgent Savita as the One and only One all concentrated Being.

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13.4.25

स ए॒व मृ॒त्युः सो॒मृतं॒ सो॒भ्वं१॒॑ स रक्षः॑ ॥

He is the Ordainer of annihilation and creation, He is Immortality, He is immense, He is the protector.

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13.4.26

स रु॒द्रो व॑सु॒वनि॑र्वसु॒देये॑ नमोवा॒के व॑षट्का॒रोऽनु॒ संहि॑तः ॥

He is Rudra, dispenser of justice, mercy and punishment, dispenser of worldly wealth and power, saviour from suffering for the humble and obedient on submission in proper manner.

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13.4.27

तस्ये॒मे सर्वे॑ या॒तव॒ उप॑ प्र॒शिष॑मासते ॥

All the moving stars and planets obey his law and discipline with praise and adoration.

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13.4.28

तस्या॒मू सर्वा॒ नक्ष॑त्रा॒ वशे॑ च॒न्द्रम॑सा स॒ह ॥

All those stars and constellations including the moon abide under his law and control.

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13.4.29

स वा अह्नो॑ऽजायत॒ तस्मा॒दह॑रजायत ॥

He is manifest from the day, since the day is born of him through his manifestation.

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13.4.30

स वै रात्र्या॑ अजायत॒ तस्मा॒द्रात्रि॑रजायत ॥

He is manifest from the night, since the night is born of him through his manifestation.

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13.4.31

स वा अ॒न्तरि॑क्षादजायत॒ तस्मा॑द॒न्तरि॑क्षमजायत ॥

He is manifest from the firmament, since the firmament is born of him through his manifestation.

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13.4.32

स वै वा॒योर॑जायत॒ तस्मा॑द्वा॒युर॑जायत ॥

He is manifest from Vayu, sinceVayu is born of him through his manifestation.

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13.4.33

स वै दि॒वो᳡जा॑यत॒ तस्मा॒द्द्यौरधि॑ अजायत ॥

He is manifest from the solar region, since the solar region is born of him through his manifestation.

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13.4.34

स वै दि॒ग्भ्यो᳡जा॑यत॒ तस्मा॒द्दिशो᳡जायन्त ॥

He is manifest from the quarters of space, since the quarters of space are born of him through his manifestation.

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13.4.35

स वै भूमे॑रजायत॒ तस्मा॒द्भूमि॑रजायत ॥

He is manifest from the earth, since the earth is born of him through his manifestation.

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13.4.36

स वा अ॒ग्नेर॑जायत॒ तस्मा॑द॒ग्निर॑जायत ॥

He is manifest from Agni, since the fire is born of him through his manifestation.

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13.4.37

स वा अ॒द्भ्यो᳡जा॑यत॒ तस्मा॒दापो॑ऽजायन्त ॥

And he is manifest from the waters, since the waters are born of him through his manifestation.

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13.4.38

स वा ऋ॒ग्भ्यो᳡जा॑यत॒ तस्मा॒दृचो॑ऽजायन्त ॥

And he emerges from the Rks, since the Rks are born of him for his self-manifestation.

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13.4.39

स वै य॒ज्ञाद॑जायत॒ तस्मा॑द्य॒ज्ञो᳡जा॑यत ॥

And he is born of yajna, since yajna is born of him since creation.

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13.4.40

स य॒ज्ञस्तस्य॑ य॒ज्ञः स य॒ज्ञस्य॒ शिर॑स्कृ॒तम् ॥

He is yajna of the cosmos, and yajna is his, and he is the supreme power and deity of yajna.

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13.4.41

स स्त॑नयति॒ स वि द्यो॑तते॒ स उ॒ अश्मा॑नमस्यति ॥

He thunders, he flashes as lightning, and he sends the showers of hail down on earth.

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13.4.42

पा॒पाय॑ वा भ॒द्राय॑ वा॒ पुरु॑षा॒यासु॑राय वा ॥

And he does this for the sinner, for the virtuous, for man, and for the demon.

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13.4.43

यद्वा॑ कृ॒णोष्योष॑धी॒र्यद्वा॑ वर्षसि भ॒द्रया॒ यद्वा॑ ज॒न्यमवी॑वृधः ॥

Whether you raise herbs or send down showers of rain for the good of life or promote humanity...

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13.4.44

तावां॑स्ते मघवन्महि॒मोपो॑ ते त॒न्वः᳡ श॒तम् ॥

All that is your grandeur and glory, Lord Almighty, a mark of your infinite action and potential

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13.4.45

उपो॑ ते॒ बध्वे॒ बद्धा॑नि॒ यदि॒ वासि॒ न्य᳡र्बुदम् ॥

Billions are your manifestations, all things controlled within the bounds of your law.

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13.4.46

भूया॒निन्द्रो॑ नमु॒राद्भूया॑निन्द्रासि मृ॒त्युभ्यः॑ ॥

Indra is greater than the immortals, Prakrti, particles and Jiva, Indra is greater than all the mortal and mutable forms of Prakrti.

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13.4.47

भूया॒नरा॑त्याः॒ शच्याः॒ पति॒स्त्वमि॑न्द्रासि वि॒भूः प्र॒भूरिति॒ त्वोपा॑स्महे व॒यम् ॥

Indra, greater than non-liberality and enmity, lord of great powers and actions, you are infinite and supreme master over all. We worship you and pray for being close to you.

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13.4.48

नम॑स्ते अस्तु पश्यत॒ पश्य॑ मा पश्यत ॥

Salutations to you, Lord all-watching. Pray watch me with a favourable eye, O watchful Lord.

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13.4.49

अ॒न्नाद्ये॑न॒ यश॑सा॒ तेज॑सा ब्राह्मणवर्च॒सेन॑ ॥

Look at me with love and favour, bless me with food and nourishment, honour and fame, lustre and splendour, and the light and brilliance worthy of a Brahmana.

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13.4.50

अम्भो॒ अमो॒ महः॒ सह॒ इति॒ त्वोपा॑स्महे व॒यम् ॥

Lord immense and infinite, omnipotent, great and glorious, patient yet unchallengeable, we adore and worship you.

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13.4.51

अम्भो॑ अरु॒णं र॑ज॒तं रजः॒ सह॒ इति॒ त्वोपा॑स्महे व॒यम् ॥

Fathomless as the ocean, flaming as fire and glorious as dawn, pure and spotless as light, dynamic as energy, patient yet unchallengeable, thus do we worship and adore you.

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13.4.52

उ॒रुः पृ॒थुः सु॒भूर्भुव॒ इति॒ त्वोपा॑स्महे व॒यम् ॥

Cosmic umbrella, unbounded Presence, gracious Divinity, shelter home and happiness for all, thus do we worship and adore you.

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13.4.53

प्रथो॒ वरो॒ व्यचो॑ लो॒क इति॒ त्वोपा॑स्महे व॒यम् ॥

Lord of expansive universe, highest best, omnipresent, gracious, thus do we worship and adore you.

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13.4.54

भव॑द्वसुरि॒दद्व॑सुः सं॒यद्व॑सुरा॒यद्व॑सु॒रिति॒ त्वोपा॑स्महे व॒यम् ॥

Creator of wealth, value and grandeur of wealth, controller and ordainer of wealth, and the winner of stability of wealth, thus do we worship and adore you.

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13.4.55

नम॑स्ते अस्तु पश्यत॒ पश्य॑ मा पश्यत ॥

Salutations to you, Lord Savita, all watchful, pray keep the gracious eye on me, all-watching divine Presence.

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13.4.56

अ॒न्नाद्ये॑न॒ यश॑सा॒ तेज॑सा ब्राह्मणवर्च॒सेन॑ ॥

Bless me with food, nourishment and good health, honour and fame, lustre and splendour, and the vision and brilliance worthy of a Brahmana dedicated to Brahma.