273. 304€ IZAVH0 20-1 CHAPTER V

304€ IZAVH0 20-1 CHAPTER V

identity to the two and not in looking upon them as truly identical. The identity shines in consciousness just for, a moment only as the convential meanings of the expressions shine in the consciousness of the hearer when he hears them. But the process of knowing cannot end with this; because it is contradicted by the fact of experience. The use of such expressions is, therefore, the cause of the rise of conscious- ness of similarity. And the purpose of such, a use of expressions is to arouse quickly the consciousness of 'stupidity' etc. (jādya) as attributes of the Punjabi. The use of a word in another meaning than the conventional, is a recognised way of conveying the secondary meaning. This is called 'Gauna' by some1. Similarly in 'The fact that the slim lady is lying on the leaves of lotus, tells that she is suffering from love-fever', the word 'tells' (Vadati) secondarily arouses the consciousness of 'shows' (Prakasayati) through inference. For, inference is nothing but the rise of consciousness of another thing from that of what is directly given. It presupposes the knowledge of invariable concomitance of the two. And the consciousness of the meaning 'shows' arises from 'tells' in the manner of inference in the present case, because the two are connected as cause and effect and are known as invariably concomitant inasmuch as "to throw light" or "to illumine" is the well known effect of speech. The meaning "Illumines" cannot be spoken of as the conventional meaning of 'tells' because the convention does not recognise it and the two are not identical. It cannot be said that in the above instance there is the consciousness of the conven-

1. V. V. 110-11.