135. 132 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

132 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

मुद्राराक्षस and कौमुदीमहोत्सव, who supports Jayaswal's views). Numerous verses are ascribed to this विज्जका in the anthologies, two of which दृषटि हे प्रतिवेशिनि (No. 500 कवीन्द्र०) and धन्यासि या कथयसि (298 कवीन्द्र०) ascribed to विधा are very frequently quoted in alankara works. Vide Intro. to कवीन्द्रवचनसमुच्चय edited by Dr. Thomas (pp. 106-108) for all verses attributed to her. Both of them are quoted in मम्मट's शब्द्व्यापारविचार and the second in the काव्यप्रकाश (IV). The verse दृष्टि हे प्रतिवेशिनि occurs in the दशरूपावलोक (II. 21) and in मुकुलभट्ट's अभिधावृत्तिमातृका (p. 12). मुकुल as will be shown later on wrote about 900-925 A. D. So विज्जका could not have flourished later than 850 A. D. and Dandin is earlier still. राजशेखर, as quoted in the सूकतिमुकतावलि of जहण, speaks of a Canarese poetess 'सरस्वतीव कार्णाटी विजयाङ्का जयत्यसौ। या विदर्भगिरं वास: कालिदासादनन्तरम् ।।' (vide शाङ्र० 184, जहण's सुक्तिमुक्तावलि p.47 verse 93, and in the शह्ार प्रकाश without name). The words विजयाक्का सरस्वतीव means 'she was as if सरस्वनी named विजया'. The words may also mean that in her compositions she used the word विजय as a catch-word. For the use of words like अङ् or अक्कित, vide verses like the following 'ब्यासगिरां निर्यासं सारं विश्वस्य भारतं वन्दे। भूषणतयव संज्ञां यदक्कितां भारती घहति॥'. Since Bhamaha flourished (as shown above) after 700 A. D. and Dandin about 660-680 A. D. it is not possible to hold that Dandin criticizes arHg. It is possible that wHT may have been a much younger contempo- rary of Dandin and the bitter sarcasms in which he reveals when criticizing views such as those held by Dandin are expli- cable more easily on the hypothesis that he is criticizing a far-famed living author and probably was jealous. Dr. Hooykaas in his paper on 'some arthālankāras in the Bhattikāvya X' in Turner Presentation volume, at p. 358 n. 1 suggests an argument in favours of my view that Dandin preceded Bhamaha. Bhatti X. 63 cites as an example of निदर्शना the verse 'न भवति महिमा बिना विपत्तेरवगमयन्निव पश्यतः पयोधिः। अविरतमभवत् प्रोक्रेडसौ शिखरिपृथुप्रथितप्रशान्तवीचि: ॥ भामह on JII. 33 defines निदर्शना as क्रिययैव विशिष्टस्य तदर्थस्यापि दर्शनात्। शेया निदर्शना नाम यथेववतिभिर्विना ॥. भामह requires that in निदर्शना the words यथा, इव, वत् must not occur, but इव occur is Bhatti's example. The काव्यादर्श II. 348 says nothing ahout qa1 or ra. Dr. Hooykaas holds that the writer who vetos the use of certain characteristics must be later than him who says nothing. Some may argue that there is -not much in this.

BHĀMAHA AND DAŅDIN 133 The 6th century hadbeen accepted by many. scholars as the date of Dandin. Vide Max Muller (India; what can it teach us; lst edition p. 332), Weber (H. S. L. p. 232 n), Prof. Macdonell (H. S. L. p. 434) and Col. Jacob (JRAS 1897 p. 284). That date must now be given up in favour of the view that Dandin's literary activity lay between 660- 680 A. D. Among the commentaries on the काव्यादर्श are: (1) the व्याख्या of तरुणवाचस्पति (edited by Prof. Rangacharya), (2) the com. हृदयक्मा by an anonymous author (edited by Prof. Rangacharya) on the first two परिच्छेदs only; (3) a टीका called मार्जन by महामहोपाध्याय हरिनाथ, son of विश्वधर and younger brother of केशव (Govt. mss at B. O.R.I. Cat. vol.XII.No.24, copied in संवत् 1746); (4) काव्यतत्त्वविवेचककौमुदी by कृष्णकिक्र तर्कवागीश of गोपालपुर in Bengal (I. O. cat. p. 221); (5) the श्रृतानुपालिनी of वादिघङ्ुल (D. C. ms. No. 111 of 1919-24, cat. vol.XII No.125); (6) वैमल्यविधायिनी by मल्लिनाथ, son of जगनाथ; and a few more men- tioned by Aufrecht. For तरुषवाचस्पति's date vide above p. 105. हरिनाथ tells us that he wrote a com. on the सरस्वतोकएठाभरख called मार्जन (folio 5b in D. C. ms No. 373 of 1895-96). He quotes विश्वकोश, शाश्वतकोश, हारावली and विदग्घमुखमएडन. There is a com. by विजयानन्द (vide Cat. of Govt. O. mss. at B. O.R.I. vol. XII. No. 123). There is another com. by यामुन (ibid. No. 126) who divides the काव्यादर्श into four परिचछेदs, the 4th being formed of verses dealing with काव्यदोषs. Recently (in 1957) Prof. Anantlal Thakur of the Mithila Institute has published the काव्यलक्षण of Dandin with a commentary called रत्नश्री by रत्नश्री- शान from Ceylon. 11 The अलखरसारसङप्रह of उ्ड्ट. This work was translite- rated by Col. Jacob in JRAS 1897 pp. 829-847. It has been issued by the Nirnayasagara Press (1915) with the comme- ntary (called लघुवृत्ति) of प्रतीहारेन्दुराज; and Mr. N. D. Banhatti has edite1 it for the Bombay Sanskrit Series (1925) with the commentary of प्रतीहारेन्दुराज, an Introduction and notes. Here the references are to the Nirn. Ed. The work of axz is divided into six chapters (called vargas) and contains about 79 kārikās defining 41 alankāras and over 90 illustrations. They are taken, as we are told by the commentor प्रतीहारेन्दुराज़, from the author's own work styled कुमारसम्भव 'अ्नेन अन्थकता स्वोपरचित- कुमारसम्भवैकदेशोत्रोदाहर सत्वेनोपन्यस्तः । तत्र पूर्व दीपकस्योंदाहरखानि। तदतु-