311. 312 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

312 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

appearance and attire. In this rasa, the आालम्बनविभावs are Krsna (as the विषय of मधुरारति) and his loves (वल्लभाs) who are the भाश्रय of मधुरारति; the qualities of Krsna (his charm, physi- cal and mental youth, agreeable speech &c.), his actions and his decorations are the exciting (उद्दीपनविभावs) circumstances; the well-known four kinds of hero (नायक viz. धीरोदात्त, धीरोद्धत्त, धीरललित, धीरप्रशान्त) have further two varieties पति (as of रुक्मिणी and सत्यभामा) and उपपति (as of the women of vraja); the four vari- eties are again either पूर्णतम, पूर्णतर and पूर्ण; each of these (पति and उपपति) is of four kinds viz. अनुकूल, दक्षिणा, शठ and धृष्ट; defi- nitions and illustrations of all these varieties, qualities, actions & c. (अनुकूलपति being राम and अनुकूल-उपपति being कृष् in relation to राधा); S0 नायकs are of 96 varieties; the nayaka's friends are five, viz. चेट, विट, विदूषक, पीठमर्द, प्रियनर्मसख; their definitions and examples1; the beloved of Hari is of two kinds, svakīyā and parakīyā; the first were 16108 wives of Hari residing in Dvaraka, out of these eight viz. रुक्मिणी, सत्या, जाम्बवती, भर्कनन्दिनी, शैष्या, भद्रा, कौशल्या, माद्री were the principal ones; parakiyas are of two kinds viz. kanya (maidens) and परोढा (married to ano- ther), that were mostly resident in Vraja; the parodhā nayikas were of three kinds, viz. साधनपरा, देवी, नित्यप्रिया; साधनपराS are again of two kinds यौथिक्य: and अयौथिक्य :; the first are those

1. रूपगोस्वामी says that what is called illicit and secret love and is ordinarily condemned is the highest pinnacle of śrgara and that the condemnation applies only to ordinary mortals and not to a completely perfect avatāra (Krsna) who took to an incarnation to give a taste of mystic love to his devo- tees 'अत्रैव परमोत्कर्षः शृक्गारस्य प्रतिष्ठितः। तथा च मुनिः । बद्ठु वार्यते यतः खलु यत्र प्रच्छन्नकामुकत्वं च । या च मिथो दुर्लभता सा परमा मन्मथस्य रतिः॥ लघुत्वमत्र यत्प्रोक्तं तत्त प्राकृतनायके। न कृष्णे रसनिर्यासस्वादार्थमवतारिखि॥ उज्ज्वल० I. 16-18 pp. 14-15. The भागवत (X. 33. 30-31) states 'धर्मव्यति- क्रमो दृष्ट ईश्वराणां च साहसम् । तेजीयसा न दोषाय वहनेः सर्वभुजो यथा ॥ नैतत्समाचरेज्जातु मनसापि हयानीश्वरः। विनश्यत्याचरन्मौढ्याधथा रुद्रोऽब्धिजं विषम् ।।'. The उज्ज्वलनीलमणि quoting श्रीमन्भागवत gives the following warning: वर्तितव्यं शमिच्छद्िभंक्तवन्न तुकृष्णवत्। इत्येवं भक्तिशाखत्ारणां तात्पर्यस्य विनिर्ययः ॥ रामाविवद्वतितव्यं न कचिद्रावणादिवत्। इत्येष मुक्तिधर्मादिपरार्णां नय इष्यते ।'. But this advice is, I am afraid, too much for common people. The words 'रामादिवद्वर्तितव्यं न रावणादिवदित्युपदेशं च' in the काव्यप्रकाश I (p.10) are probably taken from the भागवत.