378. THE RITI SCHOOL 381

THE RITI SCHOOL 381

समाधि:' (III. 1. 13) and 'अर्थटृष्टिः समाधिः' (III. 2. 7) ; for दएडी, vide aroaf I. 93 and 100. The alankara school looked upon alankāras, which are really of secondary importance and without which kavya can very well exist, as very important. The rīti school marks a very real advance over the alankāra school. Though it did not reach the real essence of poetry, it approached very near it. Instead of looking upon mere ala- nkāras as the essence of poetry, it looked upon the gunas as the essence. The riti school was not yet well aware of that to which the gunas belonged, they had only a glimmering or hazy notion about the real essenee of poetry. It is therefore that the ध्वनिकारिका (III. 57) says about the riti school 'अस्फुटस्फुरितं &c'. वामन included in his वक्रोक्ति (defines as सादृश्याल्लक्षण) all अविवक्ितवाच्यध्वनि and he seems to have found room for rasas in the guna कान्ति (दी्षरसत्वं कान्तिः' काव्या. सू IIl. 2.14). Gunas really belong to rasa &c. the soul of poetry. The sa. pointed out that माधुर्य is a special characteristic of शृङ्गार, that it reaches the highest pitch in विप्रलम्भश्वक्गार and करुण, that भोज: is found specially where रौद्र, वीर and अद्भत prevail and that प्रसाद is a gunn common to all rasas (ध्वनिकारिका II. 8-11). भामइ speaks very briefly of gunas and refers to only three of them, माधुर्य, भोजस् and प्रसाद (II. 1-3). Magha, who as shown above on p. 113, flourished about or before 750A.D. appears to have only three gunas in view when he says 'नैकमोज: प्रसादो वा रसभावविद: कवेः।' शिशुपालवध II. 85. Later writers like मम्मट and हेमचन्द्र reduce the gunas to the above three and show that the rest are either included in the three or are really दोषाभाव. The number of ritis varies with different writers. राजशेखर in his काव्यमी. (chap. VII. p. 31) quotes a verse that gives the same names of the three ritis as वामन; but in his कपरमजरी he speak of three ritis as वच्छोमी (from वत्सगुल्म, modern Basim in Berar), माभही (मागवी) and पञ्चालिश. रुद्रट and अमिपुराण (chap.340) speak of four (लाटीया is added); vide II. 4-6). वाग्भटालक्कार gives only two like दएडी. वाग्भट's काव्यानुशासन names three like वामन; while भोज1 enumerates six, adding भावन्ती, मागधी and लाटी to वामन's three. We must now say a few words about वृत्ति and प्रवृत्ति and

1. The सर. क. II. 27 says: वैदर्भादिकृत: रीतिरच्यते। quoted on p. 379 above and vide same verse in साहित्यमीमासा p. 87.