75. 72 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

72 HISTORY OF SANSKRIT POETICS

some predecessors of his mentioned only eight1 viz. पुनरुक्- वदाभास, छेकानुप्राम, अनुप्रास, लाटानुप्रास, रूपक, उपमा, दीपक, प्रतिवस्तूपमा Therefore, the विष्णुधर्मोत्तर should be placed between भरत, (who spoke of only four figures of speech), the predecessors of भामह and उद्दट that enumerated only five and eight alankaras on the one hand and भटि, दशिडन्, भामह, उद्गट and वामन. (that enume- rate between 30 to 40 अलक्कारs) on the other. The विप्ुधर्मोत्तर not only quotes गीता, मनु, नाव्यशास्त्र, but also नारदस्मृति for several verses e.g. विष्णुo III. 333.10 is नारद VII.9, III. 336.1. (पाषएड ... जनपदेतथा) is नारद XIII. 2. If we hold that the 2nd section of विष्णुधर्मोत्तर is of the same date as the 3rd section, then it would follow that the पुरास is later than वराहमिहिर. विष्ुधर्मोत्तर II. 176.9-11 are borrowed from the बृहघोगयात्रा of वराहमिहिर, since the अद्भुतसागर pp. 494-5 quotes seven verses from the बृहधोगयात्रा of which विप्ु० II. 176.9-11 are three. Besides, विष्णु० II. 124.15-26 are identical with बृहत्संहिता 45. 82-94 (Dwivedi's ed.) on उत्पातऽ. So the विष्ुधर्मोत्तर (3rd part) will have to be placed between 575 to 650 A.D., the period during which aft most probably flourished or a little earlier. Dr. Miss Priyabala Shah recently edited (G. O. S. 1958) the 3rd khanda (118 chapters) of the विष्णुधर्मोत्तर based on four mss.' I thank Mr. Bhabatosh Bhattacharya who drew my attention to the following verse from the कालिकापुराण chap. 92.2 (Venkateshwar Press ed.): 'विष्ुधर्मोत्तरे तन्त्रे बाुल्यं सर्वतः पुनः । द्रष्टव्यस्तु सदाचारो द्रष्टव्यास्ते प्रसादतः।।'. 7 Bhatțikāvya. This poem in 22 cantos was composed mainly for illustrating the rules of Sanskrit grammar. It is divided into four sections, called प्रकीर्णकाएड (sargas I-V), अधिकारकाएड (VI-IX),प्रसन्नकाएड (X-XIII) and तिङन्तकाएड (XIV-XXII). In the प्रसन्नकाएड, Bhatti illustrates matters that fall to be treated in works on Poetics. In the tenth sarga (75 verses, 74 in मल्लिनाथ) he gives illustrations of 38 Alankaras (including the two शब्दालक्कारS of अनुप्रास and यमक). The I1th illustrates माधुयगुय (in 47 verses);

1. अनुप्रासः सयम को रूपकं दीपकोपमे। इति वाचामलक्वाराः पञ्चवान्यरुदाहताः॥ भामह II. 4; पुनरुक्तवदाभासं छेकानुप्रास एव च। अनुप्रासस्त्िधा लाटानुप्रासो रूपकं चतुः।। उपमा दीपकं चैव प्रतिवस्तूपमा तथा। इत्यत एवालकारा वाचा के शिचिदुदा- हता: ॥ काव्यालक्कारसारसंग्रह 1. 1-2. The com. of तिलक on उद्धट says 'वगेवगैरल क्वारोपादानं चिरन्तनालक्वारकृतामल्पदर्शितां प्रकटयितुम्।' (G.O.S. ed. p.l).