11. Volume 2 — part 11

officer whom he deputed to Shamsu-d din was poisoned by that king. When the Sultam left Bisram, and was passing by Multan, Kubacha offered opposition, and the Sultan, after defeating him, went to Uch. ° ® 0

“ After the Sultan had crossed the Sind, Changiz Khan detached Bala Nuyan, with two tumans, or twenty thousand men, in pursuit, After crossing the river, he arrived at a fort which was held by one of the Sultan’s officers, and after the fort was captured, he ordered a general massacre of the inhabitants. Thence he went towards Multan, and the inhabitants closed the gates against him. The Nuyan discharged stones from his manjaniks, and demolished some of the gates, and was near taking the fort ; but as the Moghals were unable to withstand the excessive heat, the Multanis escaped that Bala (calamity) ; for Bala Nuyan marched away from Multan, and after pillaging and devastating the whole of that province and Lahawar, he went to join Changiz Khan.

“After consulting with his sons and officers, it was finally resolved by Changiz Khan that a detachment of the army should be sent to Kij and Makran and the borders of Hind to watch the pro- ceedings of Sultan Jalalu-d din, and that another should be sent towards Ghaznin to destroy that capital, and the descendants of Subuktigin, so that all desire for the restoration of the Sultan might be extirpated, and should then return towards Turan in the spring.

“ In furtherance of these designs, Changiz Khan sent Cliaghtai with a large army towards the Makrans (Makranat), and Ogtai was ordered to return to Ghaznin from the lowlands on the banks of the Sind. The chiefs and elders of that city felt themselves compelled to submit ; but under the apprehension of further opposi- tion on the part of Sultan Jalalu-d din, the Moghals sent to Paradise all the inhabitants of that tract, — the old as well as the young, the weak as well as the strong, — and destroyed the colleges and schools, making them the abode of owls.

“ After this massacre and pillage Ogtai Kaan, by order of Changiz Khan, went through Ganns ir and Hirat towards Mawarau-n nahr and Turkistan. Chaghtai, who had gone to Makran, after bringing the whole of that country and its borders under subjection, took up his winter-quarters at Kalinjar,1 a country on the banks of the river Sind. The governor of that province entertained them hospitably, rendered all kinds of acceptable services, and provisioned the Moghals to the fullest extent of his power.

“ The greater part of the army fell sick, owing to the badness of the climate. And since many prisoners had fallen into the hands of the Turks, insomuch that each soldier had as many as ten or twenty, 0 ** 0 orders2 were issued, as a precautionary

measure, to put them all to death. Ambassadors were despatched by Chaghtai to the chiefs3 who were in the vicinity of his camp, and most of them proffered their allegiance ; but against those who were at first submissive and afterwards offered opposition, armies were sent, and they were all put to the sword.4

“ After the troops had recovered from their sickness, as no tidings of Jalalu-d din reached them during the time they were in their winter-quarters, they returned with the grand army towards their native country, ° 0 and Chaghtai and Ogtai went on a hunting

1 This is not the famous fort in Bundelkhand, nor the hill fort on the frontier of Kashmir mentioned by Firishta (I. 89, 99). The Tartkh-i Alfi says it was “ within the confines of Multan.” Col. Miles reads “Lanjoor;” but all the readings through- out the Sliajraiu-l Atrdk are adopted without any consideration or authority, and carry no weight with them.

2 In the corresponding passage in the Jahan-kushdi, these orders are attributed to Changiz Khan, which would make it appear that he himself wintered in Hindustan — an improbable supposition.

3 The Shajratu-l Atrdk says, “to the countries of Kech, Kutch, Mukran, and the port of Surat.”

4 There is great confusion of names and places in respect to these winter-quarters. D’Ohsson’s statement adds to the difficulty. He says : “ After the sack of Ghaznin, Ogtai asked leave to besiege Sfstan, but Changiz Khan ordered his return on account of the great heat. He cantoned himself on the plain which the Mongols call Berouan, and pillaged the whole surrounding country. Changiz Khan waited for the Nuyan Bela and Turt&i, and on their arrival he marched, and was joined by Ogtai near the fort of Gounaoun Courgan. He wintered in the mountainous country of Bouya- ketver, near the sources (?) of the Sind, where an epidemic sickness broke out. In the spring of the year 1223, Changiz Khan resolved to return to Mongolia by India and Tabbet, after ordering the massacre of the prisoners.”

A very curious statement respecting this expedition is found in the Tazlcira of Daulat Shah, Art., “Jamalu-d din Muhammad ’Abdu-r Kazzak Isfahan!,” -who was a contemporary of the Sultan’s. It differs from all other accounts ; and much of it is nonsense, but part may be true : —

“ Sultan Jalalu-d din defeated the Moghals in the vicinity of Panjshir, one of the districts of Kabul. ° * * When he dis-

mounted from his horse after crossing the Sind, he fixed his spear in the ground, and sat down, drying his turban, clothes, and arms.

“ The Khan came to the bank of the river, and praising the gal- lantry of his antagonist, called out to him on the opposite bank : ‘ Oh prince, I hear that you are of lofty stature : rise, and let me see you.’ Jalalu-d din rose, and again the Khan addressed him : ‘ Oh prince, sit down again, for all that I have heard respecting your stature and appearance is exceeded an hundredfold.’1 Jalalu-d din sat down, when the Khan again said. ‘ It was my anxious desire that you should become my vassal ; but now go your way in safety.’ The Khan then retired from the bank of the river.

“Of the remnant of Jalalu-d din’s army, about seventy men managed to join him by some means or other ; and they plundered in the neighbourhood of Lahore an Aughan (Afghan) caravan which was on its way to Multan. They thus set themselves up in arms and equipments, and four hundred of the Afghans joined the Sultan. It was about that time that the Hazara Lachia, from which tribe Amir Khusru of Dehli is descended, flying from the neighbourhood of Balkh before the Moghal army, joined the Sultan, to the number of seven hundred men. They took the fort of Kargishghal (?),'and the King of Multan mado peace with the Sultan. ’Alau-d din Kaikubad (Mas’ud (?), a legitimate son of the King of Hind, gave him his daughter in marriage,8 and the Sultan maintained indepen- dent power in Hind during three years and seven months. When

1 "We have a sufficient proof that he was handsome, from the fact of the wife of Uzbek Jahan Pahlawan falling in love with him, and betraying her gallant husband’s fort to him for the gratification of her passion.

2 D’Ohsson (iii. 4) also says that, when the Sultan learnt that Shamsu-d din Altamsh was advancing to render assistance to Kubacha, he went out to oppose him, hut, instead of fighting, Altamsh proposed peace and the hand of his daughter, which were both accepted by the Sultan.

intelligence was received of the return of Changiz Khan towards the desert, Sultan Jalalu-d din left Hind, and went to Kirman, by way of Kij and Makran.”

The TariTch-i Alfi contains (ann. mort., 609), the following par- ticulars not noticed by the other authors ; but in the general narra- tive it follows the Jahdn-kiishd, the Jami’u-t Tawdrikh, and the Rauzatu-s Safd indifferently.

“ When Sultan Jalalu-d din reached Ghaznin, Malik Amin went out to do him honour with fifty Hazaras, and the whole army and peasantry were rejoiced at his arrival. The Sultan married the daughter of Malik Amin, and encamped during the whole winter on the plain of Ghaznin. ° ° By reinforcements his army

amounted to more than one hundred thousand men.

“ Sanakghur Nuyan reached Birwan on the morning of the eighth day after the Sultan had arrived there. The Sultan advanced one parasang and prepared for action, and ordered all his men to dis mount their horses, and devote themselves to death in the approach- ing fight with the infidels. ° ° The Moghals during the night

made figures of men, and placed them in the rear on their spare horses. ° <:’f The archers of Malik Saifu-d din Aghrak put the

Moghals to flight and committed great havoc, and the Sultan making a charge with his whole army, completed the rout and slaughter. Sanakghur Nuyan, with another Amir, who commanded the advance, fled to Changiz Khan with only a few followers. * °

“ On the retreat towards the Sind or Nilab, Amir Khan, who commanded the rear-guard, was defeated, and fled to the Sultan, o » Changiz Khan gave the strictest orders that every kind of precaution should be taken to prevent the Sultan’s crossing the river. 9 ® Aminu-d din Malik, who commanded the right

wing, fled to Peshawar, and falling into the hands of the Moghals, was slain there. ° ° When Changiz Khan witnessed the Sul-

tan’s exploit of swimming the river, he exclaimed, £ A wise man should be cautious in dealing with one who can save himself from such whirlpools and can perform such gallant actions.’ ° ° °

“ When the intelligence of the Sultan’s successes came to the ears of the world -conquering Changiz Khan, he dispatched two sons of

Am frs, one named Turtai and the other Bakin, with an immense army to seize the Sultan, but as his troops were in great alarm at the Moghals, he went towards Delili before the enemy could reach him. # # Shamsu-d din to all appearance received ’Ainu-1 mulk with

great distinction and kindness, but in his heart he entertained the greatest alarm : for like as the Khwarizmshahis were afraid of the Moghals, so, but to a greater extent, were the soldiers of Hind afraid of those of the Sultan. ° ° The Sultan returned towards

Lahawar after his unsuccessful advances to Shamsu-d din. ° ° *

“ Kubacha had collected a large army within the borders of Uch and Multan. Upon this occasion, when he heard of the approach of the Moghals, he foreswore his allegiance to the Sultan, and prepared to demand reparation for former injuries. * * °

“ At that time the ruler of Tatta was a person called Jaisar, who, when he heard of the approach of the Sultan, placed his treasure and property in a boat, went toward the sea, and took refuge in some of his islands.

“ The Sultan remained some time at Tatta, demolished the temples which were there, and built a large Masjid-i jami’.”

Firishta, in the account of this transaction, contained in the History of Sind (Yol. ii. pp. 610-5), has followed the Rauzatu-s Safa almost verbatim, adding only a few particulars which his greater local knowledge enabled him to supply : —

“ Sultan Jalalu-d din, after applying to Shamsu-d din for such aid as would enable him to return to his native country, where he learnt the sentiments of the Shah towards him, returned by way of Lahore towards the abodes of the Khakkars, and after arriving in that country, he went to the hills of Balala and Bankala, and thence despatched Taju-d din Khilj to the hills of Judi, to plunder that province. ** * The Baf of the Khakkars, Kokar Sanka, who had

attained the honour of Islam in the time of Sultan Shahabu-d din, solicited the Sultan that he would prevent Nasiru-d din Kubacha from harrying his country, as he was for ever doing. The Sultan gave the Eai’s son the title of Kalij Khan, and sent one of his nobles, who was known as Uzbek Baslii (he was Jahan Pahlawan Uzbek), with seven thousand men against Kubacha, the ruler of Uch

and Multan, "who was encamped with twenty thousand men on the bank of the river Sind, which is near Uch.

“As Uzbek Bashi found Kubacha unprepared, he made a night attack upon him, and so routed the whole camp, that Kubacha with the greatest difficulty was able to flee away on a boat to some other place. Uzbek Bashi remained in Kubacha’s camp, and sent to com- municate the tidings of his victory to the Sultan, who, when he heard of the advance of the army of Dehli, thinking it not expe- dient to remain where he was, left that hill-country and went to Uch. * * *

“ When the weather became hot, the Sultan prepared to take up his summer quarters in the hills of Jud, and Balala and Bankala. ° ° As soon as the Sultan heard that Chaghtaf Khan was in pur-

suit of him, reflecting upon the fact that, at the commencement of their intercourse, Shah Nasiru-d din Kubacha had been well affected to him, he went towards Multan, and asked for a contribution in money. Kubacha, hearing of the advance of the Moghal army, rejected the demand, and prepared to wreak vengeance on the Sultan, ** ** who marched on towards Daibal, which is now

called Thatta, committing on his road massacre and pillage in every city and town which belonged to Shah Kubacha. When he arrived at Thatta, the ruler of that place, whose name was Jashi, of the tribe of Sumra, placed his property and wealth on board a boat, and fled in haste with his children and relations to some islands. ° ° °

“Relinquishing the conquest of Sind and Gujerat, the Sultan in the year 620 h., went to ’Irak, by way of Kich and Makran. ° °

Chaghta Khan, who was in pursuit of him with the Moghal army, came to Multan and laid siege to that place, but Shah Nasiru-d din Kubacha exhibited such determined courage, that the siege was raised after forty days, and Chaghtai, marching to Kich and Makran, and having laid those countries waste, wintered at Kalinjar, a country situated on the banks of the Sind. While quartered there, he put to death nearly thirty or forty thousand Hindustanis who had been taken captive, on the ground that they made the air of the camp pestilential ; but as, notwithstanding this butchery, the deaths in the camp still continued, and as the Moghals could obtain no intelligence of Sultan Jalalu-d din, respecting where he was and

what he was doing, Chaghtai Khan broke up his camp and marched towards Turan. When Salar Ahmad, the governor of Kalinjar, wrote to Kubacha, complaining of the ruin which had been brought upon his province, that prince was much grieved, and used his best endeavours to restore the country to its former prosperity.”

The following extracts from the Modern Universal History present some new features. The account is chiefly taken from La Croix’s life of Gengiz Can, which is foimded upon the biography by Muhammad of Nessa, and the Jami'u-t Tawarikh. Like as in most other portions of Oriental History, so in this, the Universal History is the best authority for the English reader to consult.

“ The chief reason for the Sultan’s quitting Gazna was to give his disunited troops time to rejoin him. He did all that was possible to bring the three Turkish commanders to listen to reason. He wrote and sent to them several times representing the ruin which must attend their separation, and the advantages which might arise from their union.

“ They at length suffered themselves to be persuaded by the sense of danger, but it was too late ; for Jenghiz Khan, informed of what was in agitation, sent sixty thousand horse to seize the passes, ird prevent their joining the Sultan, who, finding himself deprived oi i/nis powerful aid, retired towards the river Sind, or Indus. There he halted, in a part where the stream was most rapid, and the place confined, with a view both to take from his soldiers a desire of flying, and prevent the Mungls from bringing up all their army to engage at once. Ever since his departure from Gazna, he had been tormented with a severe colic ; yet, at a time when he suffered most, hearing that the enemy’s vanguard was arrived at a place called Herder, he quitted his litter and mounted on horseback ; then, marching in the night with his chosen troops, surprised the Mungls, and, having cut them almost all to pieces, returned to his camp with a considerable booty.

“Jenghiz Khan, finding by this event that he had to do with a vigilant enemy, proceeded with great circumspection. When he approached the Indus, he drew out his army in battalia : to Jagatay he gave the command of the right wing ; the left to Oktay ; and put

laimself in the centre, surrounded by six thousand of his guards. On the other side, Jalaloddin prepared for battle ; he first sent the boats on the Indus further off, reserving only one to carry over the Sultana his mother, the queen his wife, and his children; but unluckily the boat bulged when they were going to embark, so that they were forced to remain in the camp. The Sultan in person assumed the command of the main body. His left wing, drawn up under the shelter of a mountain, which prevented the whole left wing of the Mungls from engaging them at one time, was con- ducted by his chief wazir; and his right wing by Amin Malek- This lord began the battle, and forced the enemy’s left wing to give ground, in spite of all the troops which sustained them. The right wing of the Mungls likewise wanting room to extend itself, the Sultan made use of his left as a body of reserve, detaching from thence squadrons to sustain the other troops. He himself, at the head of the main body, charged that of Jenghiz Khan with so much resolution and vigour, that he put it into disorder, and penetrated to the place where the Khan had at first taken his station ; but that prince had retired from thence to give orders for all the troops to engage.

“ This disadvantage had like to have lost the Mungls the battle ; for the report being spread all over the army that the Sultan ly,d broken through the main body, the troops were so discouraged, mat if the Khan had not immediately rode from place to place to show himself, they would certainly have fled. In short, what gained him the battle, was the orders which he gave to Bela Nevian to cross the mountain, if practicable, and attack the Sultan’s left wing, which the Khan observed had been much weakened by the several de- tachments. Bela, accordingly, conducted by a guide, marched betwixt rocks and dreadful precipices, and, attacking that disabled wing behind, obliged it to give way. The Sultan’s troops, which were in all but thirty thousand, much fatigued with having fought ten whole hours against more than three hundred thousand men, were seized with a panic, and fled. In this confusion his eldest son was taken prisoner. One part of the troops retired to the rocks on the banks of the Indus, where the enemy’s horse could not follow them. Many others, closely pursued by the Mungls, threw themselves into

the river, some of whom happily crossed over ; while the rest placing themselves round their prince, continued the fight through despair.

“ "When he was in the middle of the river, he stopped to insult Jenghiz Khan, who was come to the hank to admire his courage, and emptied his quiver of arrows against him. Some brave Mungl captains would have thrown themselves into the river to swim after Jalaloddin, but the grand Khan would not permit them, telling them this prince would defeat all their attempts.

“ This prince as soon as he was landed safe in India, ascended a ^ree to pass the night secure from wild beasts. Next day, as he walked melancholy along the banks to see if any of his people appeared, he perceived a troop of soldiers with some officers, three of whom proved to be his particular friends. These, at the be- ginning of the defeat, had found a boat, in which they sailed all night with much danger from the rocks, shelves, and violence of the current. Soon after he was joined by three hundred horse, who informed him of four thousand more saved by swimming over two leagues from thence. The Sultan went to meet them, and promised to provide for their necessities. Mean time Jamalorrazad, an officer of his household, who was not at the battle, knowing that his master and many of his people had escaped, ventured to load a very large boat with arms, provisions, money, and stuff to clothe the soldiers, and cross over to him ; for which eminent piece of service Jalaloddin appointed him great steward of his household, and surnamed him Ektearoddin ; that is, the chosen, or the glory of the faith.

“ On this intelligence, Jenghiz Khan sent orders to his brother Utakin, and marched with the troops that remained with him as far as Kandahar, which he took.

“ Some time after the reduction of this fortress, Multan, a city of India, was subdued by Bela Nevian, who had orders to conquer Lahur also ; but, as he was informed there was in that place a stronger army than his own, he did not go thither. A Patan prince, named Kobadia, had sent those forces, thinking he had more reason

to provide against the Mungls than against Jalaloddin ; for, although the Sultan was then in arms on his frontiers, yet he had only a few troops with him, and could only make a slight irruption into the territories of a prince named Rana, whom he slew for having insulted him in his distress.

“ The defenders of Gazna made frequent sallies on the besiegers, several times destroyed their works, and broke above a hundred of their battering-rams ; but one night, after an obstinate engage- ment in which Oktay fought in person to encourage his soldiers, who began to be intimidated, one side of the city walls fell down, and, filling up the ditch, a great number of Mungls easily entered sword in hand. The governor, seeing all lost, at the head of his bravest soldiers, charged among the thickest of his enemies, where he and his followers were slain. However, Gazna was not entirely ruined, nor did all the inhabitants perish ; for after the pillage had lasted four or five hours, Oktay ordered it to cease, and taxed the people who were left alive at a certain rate to redeem themselves and the city. This prince continued here till the whole province was reduced, and then went to rejoin his father in Tartary.

“ Meantime, Jagatay having entered Kerman, the ancient Kura- mania of Persia, took by degrees all the cities in that province. After he had reduced Tiz, one of the first cities, with some other places which he destroyed, he proceeded to Kalanjer, a country bordering on Hindustan, where, intending to pass the winter, the soldiers by the help of their slaves built houses, cultivated gardens, and kept flocks of sheep, as if they intended to make a settlement ; but when the scorching winds began to blow, to which they were not accustomed, almost all of them fell sick, while the greater part of those who lived became so weak and languid that they were not fit for service. By this distemper the countiy of Fars, or Pars, which is the proper Persia, and that part of Khuzestan which belonged to Kayasoddin, Sultan Jalaloddin’s younger brother, escaped for this time the invasion of the Mungls. Jagatay, by removing his troops from one place to another, gradually restored them to health ; and finding the slaves which the soldiers had taken were a burthen, ordered the throats of the greater part of them to be

cut. Then having committed the care of the conquered countries to one of his lieutenants, he, pursuant to his father’s orders, directed his course to Balkh, where the general rendezvous was appointed.”

The account of Bampoldi, in his Annali Musulmani, differs much from others, and contains many improbabilities, notwithstanding that he quotes Mirkhond and translates D’Herbelot ; yet, as it is founded in some portions on independent Arabic sources, it presents some passages worthy of translation : —

“ In the tract of country between Kabul and the Indus, according to the account of Kara Tchelebi, the Tartars, after the manner of locusts, had spread desolation and extermination with ineffable rapidity, and inflicted such damage, that six centuries were not able to repair it. 0 0 *

“ The Sultan was prevented making his last desperate charge by his nephew Malek Agiasch, who said, ‘ Beware how you precipitate yourself rashly upon those who so surpass you in numbers, lest you be accused of madness, as one who deals a blow upon the edge of a razor.’ 0 0 0 The hundred thousand Tartars did not cease to

discharge at him a million of arrows, but were not able to hit him. When he had passed the greatest current of the stream, he was obliged to go much further in order to find a ford, as the banks of the Indus were nearly everywhere very steep. He saved himself finally at the ford of Kaitoul. 0 0 Only seven soldiers out of

the three hundred 1 who had dared to follow, unwilling to abandon the unhappy prince, escaped to the opposite bank : the rest being either slain by anows or drowned in the river. Among the latter was his nephew, Malek al Agiasch. 0 0 0

“ Oktay took Gazna by assault after a siege of four months. It was burnt and destroyed to the very foundation, after about two hundred thousand persons had been inhumanly massacred.

“The Sultan having composed an army out of these refugees' thought of obtaining for himself an asylum, and a principality at

the same time, beyond the Ganges, because the whole country which extended on both banks of the Indus had been successively sub- dued by Jengiz, who had made himself master of Multan, Lahor, Jengliapur, Dehli, and Agra, compelling the freedmen of Scheab- e’ddin of Gaur, who had possessed themselves of those places within the last fifteen years, to flee from their abodes and abandon their estates, or at least to repair to some lofty castles, which by their situation were judged to be impregnable, at least for many years. * °

“ The troops of Jenghiz triumphantly overran in this year (1223) the whole country, from the Ganges and Indus to the Caspian Sea, and from the Sihoun to the Euphrates. ° Jenghiz returning from India, closed the warlike achievements of this year by taking Khandaar.

"Scarcely had Jelale’ddin Mankberni learnt that Jenghiz had crossed the Sihoun with the greater part of his Mongols, and had taken the road of Tartary, when he repassed the Indus and entered Persia, through the provinces of Kaboul, Gazna, and Kandaar, and immediately occupied Mekran, Sejestan, and Farsestan, ex- pelling everywhere the few Mongols who had remained to protect those conquests. 0 ° ° While the Sultan was engaged in recovering his dominions in Persia, his brother Tatar Shah was extending his conquests in Hindustan, where in a short time he conquered and expelled every Mongol who dared to show his face.”

D’Ohsson observes that neither the date nor the place of action on the Sind is known. “ ’Alau-d din says it took place in the month of Eajab (August), but Muhammad of Nessa says the 22nd of Shaw- wal (9th December), which appears more exact. Nowhere do we find any precise indication of the place which was the theatre of this event.”

Price says the action at Barwan took place probably in the spring of 618 a.h. (1221 a.d.), in which D’Ohsson concurs ; and that the action on the Indus took place in Eajab of that year, or September, 1221, but he is disposed to place it a year later. But there is no reason to doubt that it took place in 1221 a.d., and as the action of

Parwan certainly occurred in the spring of that year, it would be much too late to defer the action on the Indus till December, for the retreat to the Sind was nearly instantaneous after the action at Parwan. Independent of which, the march from Ghazni to the Sind would have been impracticable in December, and the passage of the river would have been no such very gallant feat in that month, when the river was at its lowest. Besides, what becomes of the proverb which is said to have celebrated the occasion : “ Marvels occur in Kajab.” And although it is highly improbable that the event did give occasion to the proverb, inasmuch as it is in Arabic — a language spoken by no class of people concerned in the transac- tion— yet an old proverb may have been made applicable to the event, and as it is quoted by an author nearly contemporary, we may be sure that Bajab and no other was the month in which the achieve- ment was performed.

The crossing of the Indus in the same fashion had been accom- plished four years before by Shamsu-d din Altamsh, when in pursuit of Nasiru-d din Kubacha, and though he succeeded in reaching the opposite bank with a few followers, many were drowned in the attempt. The credit which has been given in later years to Maha- raja Banjit Sing for the same feat, was not so well earned, because he caused his cavalry and infantry to ford the Indus where the bottom is rocky and shingly, and where the stream was not more than knee deep, though the current was so rapid as to make the footing insecure. Many men and horses certainly were lost, but Banjit Sing himself crossed on an elephant.

Eespecting the place where the Sultan crossed the Indus there is much doubt. Hammer, however, sees no difficulty, reproving D’Ohs- son for not knowing that it was at the ford of Kaitul, quoting for his authority D’Herbelot, who calls it Caitool, quoting for his authority Muhammad of Nessa. But the question is where is Kaitul or Caitool ?

[The religion of Islam had no sooner become a power than divi- sions, feuds, and schisms broke out among its professors. Dissen-

sions and heresies appear to be inseparable from all newly-estab- lished creeds, and the fervid Oriental temper, excited to the highest pitch by the worldly success and the intolerant fanatical doctrines of Islam, impelled professing Musulmans to unparalleled excesses and most execrable crimes. The ovex'thrown but uneradicated super- stitions of the old religion, and the mystical theology and philosophy of nations with which the Muhammadans came in contact, had their share in the production and development of these heresies ; but the acting moving spirit which gave them political importance was lust of personal distinction and temporal power. Thus the principal divisions turn upon the question of the rightful succession to the Prophet in the office of “ Leader of the Faithful.”

One of these heretical sects, the Karmatians, appear on the scene very frequently in the present volume. This sect is an offshoot of the Isma’ilian heresy, and is often confounded with it. There were some points of doctrinal difference, but the uninitiated were ignorant of them, and unable to distinguish them ; so the two names came to be often used indifferently. Orthodox writers, hating and despising the heretics, were prone to speak of them by some general name ; or if they attempted to be more specific, their ignorance frequently led to a confusion and misappropriation of terms. Thus the title Isma’ilian includes Karmatians, Assassins, and others, and for the Isma’ilians the wider term “ Mulahida, heretics ” is often used.

The Isma’ilians do not admit the rightful succession of the Imams recognised by the orthodox. They acknowledge ’All, Hasan, and Husain, but maintain that the line closed with Isma’il, son of Ja’far Sadik, who was the seventh and last Imam. From him they take the name Isma’ilian, and from him also they are called “ Seveners.” The teaching of the Isma’ilians put a metaphoxical interpretation on the Kux-an, which tended to explain away and supersede its doc- trines, leaving only a negative religion, and substituting license for morality. The docti'ines of the Isma’ilians were embraced by a man named ’Abdu-llah, son of Maixnun, a native of Pex-sia, who devoted his powers not ordy to the overthrow of Arab ascendancy, but to the subversion of Islam and indeed of all religion. His mode of action was by secret influence and missionary exertion. The cxxlminating doctx-ine of his teaching was the vanity of all

religions, and the indifference of men’s actions, the good receiving no recompense, the evil no chastisement, either in this world or the next.

Among the followers of ’Abdu-llah was one named Ahmad, or, as he was afterwards called, “ Karmat.” He rose about the year 278 h. (891 a.d.), and was the founder of the Karmatians. The term Karmata or Karmat belongs to a kind of Arabic writing in which the letters are very small and the lines very close. This style being well suited for secret communications, was adopted by Ahmad, and hence he was called Karmat, and his followers Karmati or Karamata, anglice Karmatians. Teaching the doctrine that every- thing desirable was allowable, he differed from his predecessors by endeavouring to carry out his views by violence, and began an open unrelenting war upon the ruling powers. In 290 h. (903 a.d.), the Karmatians made a fearful inroad into Syria, and in 311 (923 a.d.), they plundered Basra and Kufa. In 319 H. (931 a.d.), under a famous leader, Abu Tahir, they took the city of Mecca with terrible slaughter, plundered the temple, and carried away the holy hij'ru-l aswad, or black stone, which they retained for twenty years. Ar Razi, the twentieth Khalif, actually agreed to pay them an annual subsidy to secure the safe passage of the pilgrims to Mecca.

The Fatimide throne of Egypt, founded by an Isma’ilian in 297 H. (909-10 a.d.) , in rivalry of the Arabian Kliildfat, grew rapidly in power, and became a source of great jealousy and trouble to the occupants of the throne of Baghdad. Political rivalry thus com- bined with religious hatred to make the war between the faithful and the heretics most savage and unrelenting,

From the Isma’ilians sprang another sect which forced itself upon the notice of the Crusaders and introduced a new word, “ Assassin,” 1 into the languages of Europe. This sect was founded by a native of Re, named Hasan Sabah, who was schoolfellow and

1 [De Sacy insists, though his dictum has been disputed, that this term is derived from the term “ hashishin,” hemp eaters, because these fanatics probably infuriated themselves with this drug in preparation for their bloody work ; hut he acknowledges that there is no proof of such having been their practice. The fanatical fury of these murderers hardly needed any stimulus, and the craft as well as the boldness which they exhibited in the execution of their designs are hardly referrible to a state of frenzied inebriation. Does not the name of their founder Hasan or Al Hasan present sufficient materials for the formation of the word Assassin ?]

companion of Nizamu-1 mulk, the well known wazir of the Saljuki government, and author of the Majma’u-l Wasdya. An extract from that work, iu page 490 of this volume, gives some account of this redoubtable character. The forcible removal of all foes aud rivals by the dagger of the assassin, was the profession and the distinctive practice of this abominable sect. Nizamu-1 mulk, above referred to, fell under their daggers, and the author of the Jahdn-kushd had nearly become a victim to Isma’flian assassins. In 483 h. Hasan Sabah obtained possession of the strong fortress of Alah-amut, or Alamut (the eagle’s nest), in the province of Rudbar, about eleven parasangs north of Kazwin, and here he and his descendants main- tained themselves for nearly two centuries,2 when the fortress and many others fell under the iron tread of the Mongols. The excesses of the Assassins had impelled Mangu Khan to determine upon the extermination of the whole sect of Isma’ilians, and under him and his successor Hulaku their fortresses were taken, and many thousands of their men, women, children, and babes at the breast, were put to the sword.

The Karmatians appeared to have pushed themselves eastwards into the valley of the Indus at an early period. From Bimini we learn that the Karmatians destroyed the great idol at Multan, and the heretical chief, whom Mahmud of Ghazni drove away from that town, was no doubt a member of this sect, for the name of Kar- matian is applied to him by one or two writers, although the more general name of Muldhida is more frequently used.

Mahmud’s wazir, Hasnak, was brought to the stake by Mas’ud upon the charge of being a Karmatian. The personal enmity of Mas’ud no doubt precipitated this act ; but there is ample proof that the Khalif was greatly incensed against the wazir for having received a IchiVat from the Egyptian Khalif, and that he had urged Mahmud so strongly to execute him that the incensed monarch broke out in the indignant words recorded by Baihaki : “ Tell the doting old Khalif that out of regard to the ’Abbasides I have meddled

1 [From this stronghold the Chief of the Assassins was called the Shaikhu-l jabbdl or, as we have it in English, the “ Old Man of the Mountain.”]

2 [The Assassins are the Muldhidat-i Alamut, who are stated to have been patronised by ’Alau-d din Ghorf. He is censured for the attention he paid to them by the author of the Tabakdt-i Ndsiri, suprajp. 289.]

with all the world. I am hunting for the Karmatians, and when- ever one is found he is impaled. If it were proved that Hasnak is a Karmatian, the Commander of the Faithful should soon see what had happened to him. But I have brought him up, and he is to me as my sons and my brothers. If he is a Karmatian, so am I.” When Mahmud departed, and Hasnak’s enemy succeeded, the Khalifs animosity was soon appeased.

Though Mahmud expelled the Karmatian chief from Multan, the heresy was not suppressed, for in 5(1 (1175 a.d.), Muhammad Ghori once more “ delivered Multan from the hands of the Kar- matians.”1 In 634 (1237 a.d.) we find them in some force at Dehli, where they made a concerted assault upon the faithful in the great mosque, and slew a considerable number ; but they were finally overpowered, “and every heretic and Karmatian was sent to hell.”] 3

[The following descriptive fist of countries and places, more or less frequently referred to in the preceding pages, will probably be found useful, and may obviate the necessity of reference and enquiry. Some of the names are well known, and are marked on the maps ; but others are only to be found in the works of the old geographers.

Bardasir. — A large town of Kirman, on the road leading to Khurasan, lying north-east of the town of Kirman. It is also called Kawashir.

Bust. — A city of the district of Garmsir, in Sijistan. It is situ- ated on the west of the river Helmand, and is noted for its great heat.

Ddwar. — Known in old times as the “ Biladu-d dawar,” and by the modem inhabitants as Zamin-dawar. A large province, con-

3 [See Vol. i. of this work, pp. 453, 481, and 491, and Yol. ii. pp. 93, 293, and 336; Hammer Purgstall, History of the Assassins; Defremery, Histoire des Seldjou- kides et des Ismaeliens ; D’Herbelot, v. Car math ; Price, Mahommedan History , Yol. ii. pp. 167, 332 ; Reinaud, Fragments, p. 142; Hem. sur l' Inde, p. 254 ; Ram- poldi, v. 387 ; has Buck der Lander , 2nd Index ; Dorn, 89 ; Gibbon, chap, lxiv.]

tiguous to Rukhkhaj, Bust, and Glior, and the opening of the latter to Sijistan. Elpliinstone says: “On the right bank of the river (Helmand) lies the rich country of Zamin-dawar, which has the Parapomisar mountains on the north, and some hills connected with that range are found within its limits. This fine country extends for forty or fifty miles to the west of the Helmand.” — See Elphin- stone’s Caubul. 4 to., p. 122 ; Reinaud, Mem. sur VInde, 173.

Garnish-. — The hot country, so called from the heat of the climate. A narrow tract of country in Sijistan, along the lower course of the Helmand. — See Thornton, Gurmsehl.

Glior. — Also called Ghoristan. The mountainous country between Hirat and Ghazni. According to Istakhrf and Ibn Haukal it was a rugged mountainous countiy, bounded by the districts of Hirat, Farrah, Dawar, Rabat, Kurwan, and Gharjistan back to Hirat, which were all Muhammadan countries. Ghor itself was a country of infidels, containing only a few Musulmans, and the inhabitants spoke a language different from that of Khurasan. — See Elphin- stone’s Caubul, Yol. i., p. 244.

Gliurjistdn. — The correct orthography of this name according to Yakut and others is Gharjistan or Gharshistan. Yakut says it is bounded on the west by Hirat, east by Ghor, north by Merv, and south by Ghazni. The ruler of the country was called Shar, and from this title the land was also called Gharju-s Shar. The Merv- rud waters the country, and its chief towns are Bashin and Surrnin, but the Shar generally dwells at a town in the hills called Bilkan.1

Gilan. — (In Arabic, Jilan.) A country between the Caspian and Black Seas, in great part the same as Tabaristan.

Gilgit. — A small unexplored countiy on the southern declivity of the Hindu Kush, between Chitral on the west, and Baltistan (Little Tibet) on the east. — Burnes, Bokhara II., 209.

Gurdez. — A country between Ghazni and India.

Juzjdn. — Also called Juzjanan. Juzjan is the Arabic form of the native name Guzgan. It must not be confounded with the country of Jurjan or Gurgan, on the eastern shores of the Caspian. Yakut

1 [Colonel Anderson’s text of Ibn Haukal makes the name of this place to be

Kankkn,” or, as he transcribes it, “ Gungan.”]

says the names Juzjan or Juzjanan both designate a large district of the province of Balhh, between that city and Merv. The chief town was Yahudiya, and Ibn Haukal mentions Shaburkan, Andkhod, and Ambar among its principal places, adding that Ambar was the largest town.

Kazwin. — In Persian, Kashin or Kashwin. A celebrated town of Persia, a little to the west of Teheran.

Kliicdrizm. — Chorasmia. The country on the east of the Caspian Sea, the capital of which was Gurganj,1 The Arabs converted the name of the country into Jurjan, and that of the capital to Jur- janiya. The Mongol form of the name was Organj. Noshtigin, a Turk! slave of Malikshah Saljuk, was made governor of this pro- vince, and contrived to secure his independence. His son, Kutbu-d din, extended his dominions, and acquired the title of Khwarizm Shah, a name which had been borne by the rulers of the country before the Muhammadan rule. The empire of the Khwarizm Shahs rose upon the ruins of the Saljuk dynasty, and their territories ex- tended from Azarbaijan and the Caspian Sea to the Indus, and from the Persian Gulf to above the Sihun or Jaxartes. A succession of nine princes reigned for 138 years from 491 to 628 Hijra (1097 to 1230 a.d.) : but in 618 h. the last of them, Jalalu-d din Mankburni was driven by Changiz Khan beyond the Indus, and he was killed in Mesopotamia ten years afterwards, stripped of all his dominions.

Kum. — A town of Trak-’ajami, between Teheran and Ispahan.

Mdwarau-n Nahr. — “ (The country) which is beyond the river (Oxus) Transoxiana, including Bokhara and Samarkand.

Be or Baiy. — An ancient city, the ruins of which are situated a little to the south of Teheran. All Oriental writers agree upon its antiquity, and it is called “ the mother of cities.” It was once a very large place, the capital of the Jabbal (the hills), and very rich and flourishing ; but it was destroyed, and the inhabitants were put to the sword by the Tatars at the beginning of the seventh century of the Hijra.

Bukhaj. — Or more properly Bukhkhaj, from which, preceded by

1 [The town of Khwarizm or Khs (Kath), on the east of the Jihtin, was for a time the capital. See Defremery, Hist, des Samanides, p. 275 ; D’Ohsson, Hist, des Mongols, i. 183 ; Jaubert’s Edrisi, ii. 192 ; Aboulfeda, 479.] vol. n.

the article al (ar Rukkaj) comes the Arackosia of the ancient geo- graphers. One of the dependencies of Sijistan, the chief town of which, bearing the same name, was situated on the Hindmand or Helmand.

Saburkan, Shaburkdn. — A city of Juzjan, west of Balkli. The Shibbergan and Skubergan of the Maps.

Sakawand. — In the territory of Kabul, which belonged to Kumlu. It is mentioned by Istakhri and Ibn Haukal as one of the depen- dencies of Barman, along with Kabul, Ghazni, and Parwan. Idrisi gives it as being seven days’ journey from Kabul, and the same distance from Kkou'iab, for which I would read Hariab, , as

I believe it to be the Iryab or Iijab of Sharifu-d din and the Haryub of the present day, — which is at the head of the Kuram valley, to the south-east of Kabul. Sakawand would therefore be at or near Jalalabad; — and this position agrees with Idrisi’s account of the warm climate of Sakawand and Hariab, at which places the palm tree did not grow, and snow did not fall. The Buddhist establish- ments mentioned by Fa Hian and Huen Tksang were no doubt still flourishing in the time of Kumlu. — Gen. Cunningham.

Sarakhs. — An ancient city of Khurasan, situated about mid-way or six days’ journey, between Merv and Naiskapur,

Sijistan. — Same as Sistan. A province south of Hirat.

Takindbdd. — A large city of Garnish’. — See Tabakat-i Nasiri, supra, p. 293.

Talikan. — A city of Tukharistan between Balkli and Merv, three days’ journey from the latter. There is another town of the same name east of Kunduz. The Talikan of Tukharistan is the one most frequently mentioned, and it is generally coupled with Fariyab, a city of Juzjan west of the Oxus, three days’ journey from Talikan, three from Sliaburkan, and six from Balkli. — See Elpliinstone’s Caubul, ii., 221, 240.

Tukharistan, Tukhiristan. — A province of Balkh, lying east of the city of that name, and west of the Jikun. The chief town was Talikan.

Tus. — An ancient city of Khurasan, two marches N.E. from Naiskapur, and a little to the north of the modem town of Meshhed. It consisted of two. towns, Tabaran and Nukan, and was a place of

considerable importance. The city was devastated by the Uzbeks in 996 h. (1588 a.d.), and its place has been taken by Meshhed.

Zabul, Zabulistan, Zawulistdn. — A large province south of Balkh and Kabul, including Sistan, and having Ghazni for its capital. Kustam Zabuli, the hero of the Shah-nama, is said to have been a native of this country.

Zaranj. — The chief town of Sijistan, from which the lake formed by the Helmand and the Farra is often called the Lake of Zaranj (the Zarrah of the Maps),

Zur. — Name of a mountain in Dawar, and of a celebrated idol which was there worshipped. According to Elphinstone, it is in the middle of the Lake Zaranj or Zarrah, which the natives call the Sea of Zur. Conolly however says it is not in the lake, but in the vicinity of it. — See Elphinstone’s Caubul, Book iv.chap.iv. ; Beinaud, Mem. sur VInde, p. 174.]

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Bombay Sanskrit Series. Edited under the superintendence of G. Buhler, Ph. D., Professor of Oriental Languages, Elphinstone College, and F. Kielhorn, Ph. D., Superintendent of Sanskrit Studies, Deccan College.

1. Panchatantra it. and v. Edited with Notes, by G. Buhler,

2. NAgojibhatia’s Paribhashendusekhara. Edited and explained

by F. Kielhorn, Ph. D. Part I., the Sanskrit Text and various readings.

3. Panchatantra ii. and ni. Edited with Notes by G. Buhler, Ph. D.

4. Panchatantra i. Edited with Notes by E. Kielhorn, Ph.D.

Linguistic Publications of Trubner 4' Co.

Boyce. — A Grammar of the Kaffir Language. — By William B.

Boyes, Wesleyan Missionary. Third Edition, augmented and improved, with Exercises, by William J. Davis, Wesleyan Missionary. 12mo. pp. xii. and 164, cloth, 8.s.

Bowditch. — Suffolk Surnames. By N. I. Bowditch. Third Edition, 8vo. pp. xxvi. and 758, cloth. 7s. 6d.

Brice. — A Romanized Hindustani and English Dictionary. De- signed for the use of Schools and for Vernacular Students of the Language. Compiled by Nathaniel Brice. New Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Post 8vo. cloth, pp. vi. and 357. Price 8s.

Brinton. — The Myths of the New World. A Treatise on the Sym- bolism and Mythology of the Red Races of America. By Daniel G. Brinton, A.M., M.D. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 308. 10s. Gd.

Brown. — The Dervishes; or, Oriental Spiritualism. By John P. Brown, Secretary and Dragoman of the Legation of the United States of America at Constantinople. With twenty-four Illustrations. 8vo. cloth, pp. viii. and 415. 14s.

Brown. — Carnatic Chronology. The Hindu and Mahomedan Methods of Reckoning Time explained : with Essays on the Systems ; Symbols used for Numerals, a new Titular Method of Memory, Historical Records, and other subjects. By Charles Philip Brown, Member of the Royal Asiatic Society ; late of the Madras Civil Service; Telugu Translator to Government; Senior Member of the College Board, etc. ; Author of the Telugu Dictionaries and Grammar, etc. 4to. sewed, pp. xii. and 90. 10s. 6d.

Brown. — Sanskrit Prosody and Numerical Symbols Explained. By Charles Philip Brown, Author of the Telugu Dictionary, Grammar, etc., Pro- fessor of Telugu in the University of London. Demy 8vo. pp. 64, cloth. 3s. 6 d.

Buddhaghosha. — Buddhaghosha’s Parables : translated from Burmese by Captain H. T. Rogers, R E. With an Introduction containing Buddha’s Dhammapadam, or, Path of Virtue ; translated from Pali by F. Max Muller.

Burgess. — Surya-Siddhanta (Translation of the) : A Text-book of

Hindu Astronomy, with Notes and an Appendix, containing additional Notes and Tables, Calculations of Eclipses, a Stellar Map, and Indexes. By Rev. Ebenezer Burgess, formerly Missionary of the American Board of Commis- sioners of Foreign Missions in India ; assisted by the Committee of Publication of the American Oriental Society. 8vo. pp. iv. and 354, boards. 15s.

Callaway. — Izinganekwaxe, Nensumansumane, Nezindaba, Zabantu (Nursery Tales, Traditions, and Histories of the Zulus). In their own words, with a Translation into English, and Notes. By the Rev. Henry Callaway, M.D. Volume I., 8vo. pp. xiv. and 378, cloth. Natal, 1866 and 1867. 1 6s.

Callaway. — The Eeligious System of the Amazulu. Part I.

Unkulunkulu, or, the Tradition of Creation as existing among the Amazulu and other Tribes of South Africa, in their own words, with a translation into English, and Notes. By the Rev. Canon Callaway, M.D., 8vo. pp. 126, sewed. 1868.

Canones Lexicographici ; or, Buies to be observed in Editing the New English Dictionary of the Philological Society, prepared by a Committee of the Society. 8vo., pp. 12, sewed. 6 d.

Carpenter. — The Last Days in England of the Eajah Eammohun Roy. By Mary Carpenter, of Bristol. With Five Illustrations. 8vo. pp. 272, cloth. 7s. 6 d.

Carr. — 0-O(jjSer^§^jH3'o|j53'. A Collection of Telugu Proverbs, Translated, Illustrated, and Explained ; together with some Sanscrit Proverbs printed in the Devnagari and Telugu Characters. By Captain M. W. Carr, Madras Staff Corps. One Vol. and Supplement, royal 8vo. pp. 488 and 148. 24s.

Catlin. — O-Kee-Pa. A Eeligious Ceremony of the Mandans. By George Catlin. With 13 Coloured Illustrations. 4to. pp. 60, bound in cloth, gilt edges. 14s.

Chalmers. — The Origin of the Chinese; an Attempt to Trace the connection of the Chinese with Western Nations in their Religion, Superstitions, Arts, Language, and Traditions. By John Chalmers, A.M. Foolscap 8vo. cloth, pp. 78. 2s. 6d.

Chalmers. — The Speculations on Metaphysics, Polity, and Morality of “ The Old Philosopher” Lau Tsze. Translated from the Chinese, with an Introduction by John Chalmers, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. cloth, xx. and 62. 4s. 6 d.

Charnock. — Ludus Patronymicus ; or, the Etymology of Curious Sur- names. By Richard Stephen Charnock, Ph.D., F.S.A., F.R.G.S. In 1 vol. crown 8vo., pp. 182, cloth. 7 s. 6 d.

Charnock. — Verba Nominalia ; or Words derived from Proper Names. By Richard Stephen Charnock, Ph. Dr. F.S.A., etc. 8vo. pp. 326, cloth. 14*.

Chaucer Society’s Publications. First Series.

A Six-Text Print of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, in parallel columns, from the following MSS. : — 1. The Ellesmere. 2. The Hengwrt, 154. 3. The Cambridge Univ. Libr. Gg. 4, 27. 4. The Corpus Christi College, Oxford. 5. The

Petworth. 6. The Lansdowne, 851. — Part I. The Prologue and Knight’s Tale. ( Each of the above Texts are also published separately .)

1 . On Early English Pronunciation, with especial reference to Shakes-

peare and Chaucer, containing an investigation of the Correspondence of Writing with Speech in England, from the Anglo-Saxon period to the present day, preceded by a systematic notation of all spoken sounds, by means of the ordinary print- ing types. Including a re-arrangement of Prof. F. J. Child's Memoirs on the Language of Chaucer and Gower, and Reprints of the Rare Tracts by Salesbury on English, 1547, and Welch, 1567, and by Barcley on French, 1521. By Alexander J. Ellis, F.R.S., etc., etc. Part I. On the Pronunciation of the xivth, xvith, xvuth, and xvinth centuries. 10s.

2. Essays on Chaucer ; His Words and Works. Part T. 1. Ebert’s

Review of Sandras’s Etude sur Chaucer, considere comme Imitaleur des Trouveres, translated by J. W. Van Rees Hoets, M.A., Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and revised by the Author. — II. A Thirteenth Century Latin Treatise on the Cliilindre : “For by my cliilindre it is prime of day ” ( Shipmannes Tale). Edited, with a Trans- lation, by Mr. Edmund Brock, and illustrated by a Woodcut of the Instrument from the Ashmole MS., 1522.

3. A Temporary Preface to the Six-Text Edition of Chaucer’s

Canterbury Tales. Part I. Attempting to show the true order of the Tales, and the Days and Stages of the Pilgrimage, etc., etc. By F. J. Furnivall, Esq., M.A., Trinity Hall, Cambridge.

Chronique de Abou-Djafar- Mohammed -Ben-Djarlr-Ben-Yezid Tabari. Traduite par Monsieur Hermann Zotenberg. Vol. I., 8vo. pp. 608, sewed. Is. Gd. {To be completed in Four Volumes.)

Colenso. — Eirst Steps in Zulu-Kafir : An Abridgement of the Ele- mentary Grammar of the Zulu-Kafir Language. By the Right Rev. John W. Colenso, Bishop of Natal. 8vo. pp. 86, cloth. Ekukanyeni, 1859. 4s. 6d.

Colenso. — Zulu-English Dictionary. By the Bight Bev. John W. Co- lenso, Bishop of Natal. 8vo. pp. viii. and 552, sewed. Pietermaritzburg, 1861. 15s.

Colenso. — Eirst Zulu-Kafir Beading Book, two parts in one. By the Right Rev. John W. Colenso, Bishop of Natal. 16mo. pp. 44, sewed. Natal. Is,

Colenso. — Second Zulu-Kafir Beading Book. By the same. 16mo. pp. 108, sewed. Natal. 3$.

Colenso. — Eourth Zulu-Kafir Beading Book. By the same. 8vo. pp. 160, cloth. Natal, 1859. 7s.

Colenso. — Three Native Accounts of the Visits of the Bishop of Natal in September and October, 1859, to Upmande, King of the Zulus ; with Expla- natory Notes and a Literal Translation, and a Glossary of all the Zulu Words employed in the same : designed for the use of Students of the Zulu Language. By the Right Rev. John W. Colenso, Bishop of Natal. 16mo. pp. 160, stiff cover. Natal, Maritzburg, I860. 4s. Gd.

6 Linguistic Publications of Trubncr 8f Co.

Coleridge. — A Glossarial Index to the Printed English Literature of the Thirteenth Century. By Herbert Coleridge, Esq. 1 vol. 8vo. pp. 104, cloth. 2s. tid.

Colleccao de Vocabulos e Erases usados na Provincia de S. Pedro,

do Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil. 12mo. pp. 32, sewed. Is.

Contopoulos. — A Lexicon op Modern Greek-English and English Modern Greek. By N. Contopoulos. First Part, Modern Greek-English. 8vo. cloth, pp. 460. 12 s.

Dennys. — China and Japan. A complete Guide to the Open Ports of

those countries, together with Pekin, Yeddo, Hong Kong, and Macao ; forming a Guide Book and Vade Mecum for Travellers, Merchants, and Residents in general; with 56 Maps and Plans. By Wm. Frederick Mayers, F. K.G.S. H.M.’s Consular Service ; N. 13. Dennys, late H.M.’s Consular Service; and Charles King, Lieut Royal Marine Artillery. Edited bv N. B. Denny'S. In one volume. 8vo. pp. 600, cloth. £2 2s.

Ddhne. — A Zulu-Kafir Dictionary, etymologically explained, with copious Illustrations and examples, preceded by an introduction on the Zulu- Kafir Language. By the Rev. J. L. Dohne. Royal 8vo. pp. xlii. and 418, sewed. Cape Town, 1857. 21s.

Ddhne. — The Pour Gospels in Zulu. By the Bev. J. L. Dohne,

Missionary to the American Board, C.F.M. Svo. pp. 208, cloth. Pietermaritz- burg, 1866. 5s.

Early English Text Society’s Publications.

1. Early English Alliterative Poems. In the West-Midland

Dialect of the Fourteenth Century. Edited by R. Morris, Esq., from an unique Cottonian MS. 16s.

2. Arthur (about 1440 a.d.). Edited by F. J. Furnivall, Esq.,

from the Marquis of Bath’s unique M.S. 4s.

3. Ane Compendious and Breue Tractate concernyng ye Office

and Dewtie of Kyngis, etc. By William Lauder. (1556 a.d.) Edited by F. Hall, Esq., D.C. L. 4s.

4. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (about 1320-30 a.d.).

Edited by R. Morris, Esq., from an unique Cottonian MS. 10s.

5. Of the Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan Tongue;

a treates, noe shorter than necessarie, for the Schooles, be Alexander IIume. Edited for the first time from the unique MS. in the British Museum (about 1617 a.d.), by Henry B. Wheatley, Esq. 4s.

6. Lancelot of the Laik. Edited from the unique MS. in the Cam-

bridge University Library (ab. 1500), by the Rev. Walter W. Skeat, M. A. 8s.

7. The Story of Genesis and Exodus, an Early English Song, of

about 1250 a.d. Edited for the first time from the unique MS. in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, by It. Morris, Esq. 8s.

8 Morte Arthure; the Alliterative Version. Edited from Bobert Thornton’s unique MS. (about 1440 a.d.) at Lincoln, by the Rev. George Perry, M.A , Prebendary of Lincoln. 7s.

9. Animadversions upfon the Annotacions and Corrections of some Imperfections of Imprf.ssiones of Chaucer’s Workes, reprinted in 1598; by Francis Thvnnf,. Edited from the unique MS. in the Bridgewater Library. By G. H. Kingsley, Esq., M.D. 4s.

10. Merlin, or the Early History of King Arthur. Edited for the

first time from the unique MS. in the Cambridge University Library (about 1450 a.d.), by Henry B. Wheatley, Esq. Part I. 2s. dd.

11. The Monarche, and other Poems of Sir David Lyndesay. Edited

from the first edition by Johne Skott, in 1552, by Fitzedward Hall, Esq., D.C.L. Part I. 3s.

12. The Wright’s Chaste Wife, a Merry Tale, by Adam of Cobsam

(about 1462 a.d.), from the unique Lambeth MS. 306. Edited for the first time by F. J. Furnivall, Esq., M.A. Is.

Early English Text Society’s Publications — continued.

1 3. Seinte Marherete, ]ie Meiden ant Martyr. Three Texts of ab. 1200,1310, 1330 a.d. First edited in 1862, by the Rev. Oswald Cockayne, M.A., and now re-issued. 2s.

14. Kyng Horn, with fragments of Floriz and Blanucheflur, and the

Assumption of the Blessed Virgin. Edited from the MS. in the Library of the University of Cambridge and the British Museum, by the Rev. J. Rawson Lumby. 3s. (id.

15. Political, Religious, and Love Poems, from the Lambeth MS.,

No. 306, and other sources. Edited by F. J. Furnivall, Esq., M.A. 7s. '6d. 1G. A Tretice in English breuely drawe out of book of Quintis essencijs in Latyn, ji Hermys ]> prophete and king of Egipt after }> flood of Noe, fader of Philosophris, hadde by reuelacioure of an aungii of God to him sente. Edited from the Sloane MS. 73, by F. J. Furnivall, Esq., M.A. Is.

17. Parallel Extracts from 29 Manuscripts of Piers Plowman, with

Comments, and a Proposal for the Society’s Three-text edition of this Poem. By the Rev. W. Skeat, M.A. Is.

18. Hali Meidenhead, about 1200 a.d. Edited for the first time from

the MS. (with a translation) by the Rev. Oswald Cockayne, M.A. Is.