374. 376 HISTORY OF SANKSRIT POETIOS

376 HISTORY OF SANKSRIT POETIOS

of भर्थ. Vide V. 66 also. दएडी had the same distinction in view, since he defines arthälankäras at length in the 2nd pari- ccheda and sabdālankaras like Yamaka in the the third. Udbhața enumerates four śabdālankāras first, then treats of arthālankāras, regards śleșa ( in IV) as an arthālankāra but divides it into śabdaśleşa and archaśleşa, for which he is severely criticized by Mammata. Rudrața enumerates śabdā- lankāras in II. 13 (such as Anuprāsa, Yamaka) and mentions arthālankāras in VII. 9 and introduces four bases of classifica- tion in figures of sense (vide p. 143 above). In the areaat- aarw II. 1 Bhoja divides alankaras into those of sabda, those of drtha and those of both; enumerates, defines and illu- strates 24 of each. The most remarkable thing about this classification is that figures like उपमा, रूपक, अपह्तुति, भर्थान्तरन्यास are declared by him to be alankaras of both sabda and artha. A few writers such as the authors of the अभिपुरास and चमत्कार- चन्द्रिका follow him in this respect. Bhoja (in सर. क. V. 8) divides वाकमय into वक्रोकि, रसोफि and स्वभावोकति. He elaborates this subject in the {TFIT95TI and includes gunas and rasas also among alankaras. The अलं. स. gives a far more reasonable classification of arthalankaras under seven heads viz. Hva (उपमा, रूपक), विरोध (विरोध, विभावना, विशेषोक्ति), शुङ्गलाबन्ध (कारणमाला, एकावली), तकन्याय (काव्यलिङ्, अनुमान), काव्यन्याय (यथासंख्य, पर्याय, परिवृत्ति), लोकन्याय (प्रत्यनीक, प्रतीप, मीलित), गूढार्थप्रतीति (सूच्म, व्याजोक्ति). The प्रतापरुदयशोभूषय (pp.337-339) states the basis of classifica- tion of alankaras and their differences from gunas (सङ्कटनाश्रया गुणाः शब्दार्थाश्रयात्त्लक्वारा:). For want of space I do not pursue this question further. Bharata mentioned four alankāras and ten gunas. Hence he must have made a distinction between them, although he does not express it. Dandin includes gunas under the word alankara in the wider sense, as shown above. He defines alanikaras as काव्यशोभाकरान्वर्मानलक्कारान प्रचवते। ते चाधापि विकल्प्यन्ते कस्तान कातस्न्येन वच्यति॥ काव्यादर्श II. 1. भामह's treatment of gunas is meagre. In काव्यालक्कार II. 1-3 he defines three gunas viz. माधुर्य, प्रसाद and ओोजस्. Dandin defines and illustrates ten gunas, the names being the same as in *a (17.96=16. 96 of GOS ed. p. 334), काव्यादर्श (I. 41) and वामन (III 1. 4) though the definitions often differ. वामन defines 'काव्यशोभाया कर्तारो धर्मा गयाः। तदतिशयहेतवस्त्वलक्गाराः।' काव्या सू. III. 1. 1-2. He further says that gunas are faru and enumerates and defines